Indian Literature

This monograph approaches the Mah¿bh¿rata as a single work of literature, and the method is that of close textual study. Key verses are quoted in the original Sanskrit and in English translation. The title problem has been recognised before, but no detailed solution has been forthcoming. The monograph's objective is to try to articulate a Mah¿bh¿rata theology of time.In Chapter 1, the monograph's argument and synchronic methodology are summarised. In Chapter 2, the cycle of four yugas (world-ages) is outlined and discussed on the basis of the textual evidence. Each yuga is shorter and less moral than the last, and between them they constitute a repeating 12,000-year cycle. In Chapter 3, the Mah¿bh¿rata war is shown to be located at the junction between the third and fourth yugas. The idea of God Vi¿¿u-N¿r¿yäa descending to improve the world is introduced, and the title question is properly posed: Why does God's descent as K¿¿¿a (to make the Mah¿bh¿rata war happen) inaugurate the worst yuga? In Chapter 4, the various descents (avat¿ras, 'crossings-down') of God Vi¿¿u-N¿r¿yäa are discussed. Also discussed is a theory suggesting that the passage between yugas always requires a divine descent to effect it. The limitations of this theory are described and an alternative sketched.In Chapter 5, two general functions of divine descent are identified: to improve the world morally by killing demons, and to help the personified Earth by reducing the human weight upon her. These two functions are correlated with the two extremities of the four-yuga cycle, between which time oscillates. But the Mah¿bh¿rata war is not located at either extremity. Central to the monograph is a survey and discussion of the reasons given for this particular descent. These passages combine the two functions of divine descent, neither of which is entirely appropriate to this moment. It is argued that the descent here represents what happens over the course of the whole cycle. The discussion draws on Vedic literature, touches on gender issues, and shows how the two functions play out in the story of the war.In Chapter 6, the progress of the fourth yuga is tracked through the Mah¿bh¿rata's various characters and then the ancient audience, who would anticipate the start of the next cycle. It is hypothesised that this was to occur through the long-term action of the Mah¿bh¿rata, as more and more people would put into practice the teachings presented by K¿¿¿a in the Bhagavadg¿t¿. The K¿¿¿a avat¿ra would thus inaugurate the worst yuga because the seed planted there takes time to ripen. Chapter 7 reflects summarily upon the monograph's explorations, the theory of divine descent, and the text's theology of time. By employing a resolutely synchronic methodology the monograph makes a significant contribution on an important and latterly overlooked issue.

The R¿m¿yäa tradition is well-known for an inexhaustible variety of forms and narrative structures transmitted by different media. Oral-Written-Performed examines selected textual, oral, visual and performing forms in which the R¿ma story has functioned in Indian literature and arts. It also investigates the techniques that transform the R¿m¿yäa narratives. The volume addresses the question how narratives become vehicles for literary conventions and ideologies expressive of diverse sectarian concerns, or cultural values. It is an excellent companion to earlier publications on the R¿m¿yäa tradition and indispensable reading for students of South Asian literature, arts and religion

InhaltPercy Arfeen-Wegner: Where Arches Meet: Architectural Convergences in Malabar, South IndiaMonika Horstmann, Daniel Gold: Prith¿n¿th: N¿th Siddha Yoga and Intertwined Traditions in the Sixteenth CenturyAnne Keßler-Persaud: Ap¿l¿'s Substitute Hero: Reinterpreting ¿gveda 8.91Rainer Grafenhorst: Die Kunst der Koketterie. Mit Georg Simmel im alten Indien

Schamanismus: Ein praxistauglicher, zeitgenössischer und geschichtsbewusster Wegweiser zum schamanischen Leben in der GegenwartSie haben das Gefühl, zwischen Job, Hobbys, Freunden & Co. fehlt in Ihrem Leben letztlich ein tieferer Sinn? Sie sind auf der Suche nach Spiritualität und Verbundenheit? Die großen Religionen bieten nicht das, was Sie suchen? Dann könnte der Schamanismus das fehlende Lebens-Puzzleteil sein und mit diesem Ratgeber begeben Sie sich auf die Spurensuche!Seit Jahrtausenden lebten Kulturen auf der ganzen Welt in Einklang und tiefer Verbundenheit mit der Natur, dem Kosmos und seiner unergründlichen Mystik: Schamanen waren für sie die Brückenbauer zwischen physischer und spiritueller Welt und der Schamanismus Quelle eines ganzheitlichen Systems von Moral, Lebenssinn und auch Heilkunst - und auch im 21. Jahrhundert können Sie Ihr Leben ganz einfach nach schamanischen Prinzipien gestalten. Dieses Buch macht Sie zunächst mit den Grundlagen des Schamanismus rund um Geschichte, zentrale Vorstellungen von Körper, Geist, Seele und Energie sowie den Prinzipien der Heilkunst vertraut, um Sie anschließend auf dem Praxispfad zu begleiten. Mit zahlreichen Übungen, Ritualen, Selbstbeobachtungsstrategien und vielem mehr nähern Sie sich Schritt für Schritt Ihren eigenen schamanischen Kräften an und lernen, diese zu kultivieren, zu stärken und anzuwenden. Sie haben keine spirituelle Erfahrung? Brauchen Sie nicht! Denn die leicht verständlichen Erläuterungen und sofort umsetzbaren, präzisen Anleitungen nehmen Sie einfühlsam an die Hand und erlauben Ihnen spirituelle Entwicklung nach Ihren Bedürfnissen.Einführung in den Schamanismus: Geschichtliche Entwicklungen, Gegenwartsschamanismus, bedeutende Schamanen und Grundlagen zur Ritualführung - machen Sie sich in kürzester Zeit mit den wichtigsten Basics vertraut.Alles ist Energie: Finden Sie heraus, wie Körper, Geist & Seele zusammenhängen und was die Aura ausmacht, und steigen Sie in die Themen Bewusstseinsveränderung, Trance und Kontakt zur geistigen Welt ein.Heilprinzipien: Ob Kraft der Elemente, Naturgeister, schwarze Magie, heilender Atem des Drachen oder Essen als Schwingungsmedizin - entdecken Sie die vielfältigen Heilmöglichkeiten im Schamanismus.Geistheilung für Fortgeschrittene: Lernen Sie fortgeschrittene Techniken wie schamanische Extraktion, Seelenintegration und mehr kennen und erfahren Sie, welche machtvolle Wirkung sich damit erzielen lässt.Dieses Buch zeigt Ihnen, wie Sie die uralte Weisheit des Schamanismus zeitgemäß und authentisch in Ihrem Alltag leben können. Mit dem zusätzlichen Schamanen-Orakel im Bonusteil gelangen Sie zudem zu wertvollen Erkenntnissen und können auf Ihrem schamanischen Weg Weisheit und spirituellen Reichtum sammeln.

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Inhalt:- Carmen Brandt: Die assamesische oder bengalische Schrift? Schriftstandardisierungen und Identitätspolitik im Osten Südasiens- Vinita Chandra: Women's Religious Agency as 'Strategizing': A Case Study of P¿¿ini Kany¿ Mah¿vidy¿laya- Sophie Dieckmann: Von idyllischen Landschaften, buntem Treiben und adamitischen Badenden - das südasiatische Reisetagebuch Paul von Rautenfelds- Aruna Gamage: Pars Pro Toto in the P¿li Commentaries: Desan¿matta ('a mere reference') and Its Application- Mudagamuwe Maithrimurthi: Book Essay: Patrick Olivelle, Ashoka: Portrait of a Philosopher King- Fabio Mangraviti: Aesthetics and Socio-Cultural Functions of Two Hindi Satirical Fake News Columns: Satt¿ j¿ k¿ asatya kath¿e¿ and Papp¿ aur Gapp¿ k¿bai¿h¿k¿ - Farha Noor: The 1939 Calcutta Diary of Judhha Shamsher of Nepal: Ego Document, Diplomacy and Emotions

Postcolonial Literature in New Millenium: Philosophy, Politics and Aesthetics contains 15 essays written by scholars showcasing the multivalent offshoot of of postcolonial literature in the first quarter of the 21st century. Texts and contexts taken up in different essays engage with the contemporary realities of countries and regions once a part of the Commonwealth and which have now evolved as independent national, political, and cultural entities while resisting colonialism and reconstructing new identities at the same time. If deliberations on nation, home, displacement, and migration represent the consciousness of communities inflicted with a sense of loss and trauma; the advent of health humanities, graphic novels, cinema, and digital humanities intersect with the advancement on the wave of modernity. Since the progress of such societies is concomitant with the rise of discourses from the margin, there are essays implicated with the subtle nuances of dalit, gender, and tribal identities. Environmental crisis along with pandemic, an inevitable outcome of the technology driven progress, and their impact on indigenous communities have been the core concern of some essayists while a few have speculated about Eco futurism and posthumanism. Cross-cultural encounters necessitate the act of translation which has been taken up. This anthology of critical writings with its kaleidoscopic range encompassing recent scholarships will be quite handy for academicians and researchers interested in this area.

Argues that the post-independence period was a unique era of literary experimentation in Hindi literature, which must be read in the contexts of both local and global cultural, social, and literary history.Cold War Genres explores post-independence Hindi literature, framing it within the sociopolitical backdrop of Nehruvian India during the early Cold War. The book underscores the pivotal role of Hindi's claims to be a national language following independence, which fostered a unique moment of literary innovation. Central to its narrative is the work of Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, a pivotal figure in modern South Asian literature. Using Muktibodh's poetry, criticism, and fiction as a primary example, the book shows how literary form shapes a response to the internal contradictions of 1950s India, one that must be read in light of both the antinomies of Hindi literature and North India as well as the aesthetic debates and emerging ideas of global space during this time. Cold War Genres therefore functions as a lens to evaluate questions of genre and form shared by a range of literary cultures in the mid-twentieth-century decolonizing world. This book features extensive translations from Muktibodh's poetry and prose, including full translations of two poems "Brahmar¿k¿as" (The Brahman Demon) and "A¿dhere me¿" (In the Dark).

Das erste deutschsprachige Lehrbuch zum Tocharischen, mit Fokus auf Substantiv und Adjektiv in den beiden Sprachen Tocharisch A und B. 20 Lektionen erklären zunächst die wichtigsten lautlichen Entwicklungen beider Sprachen und stellen anschließend das Nominalsystem vor: Numerus, Genus, primäre und sekundäre Kasus, Kasusendungen. Es folgen die einzelnen Nominal- und Adjektivklassen mit Paradigmen und sprachhistorischen Erläuterungen. Ein letzter Teil widmet sich speziellen Fragen wie dem Femininum oder den Besonderheiten der Adjektivflexion im Tocharischen. Jede Lektion ergänzen Übungen (z.¿B. Deklinieren, Rekonstruieren, Etymologien raten) und Verständnisfragen (inklusive Lösungen im Anhang). Das Buch richtet sich an alle, die sich mit dem Tocharischen beschäftigen möchten: ob mit Vorkenntnissen oder ohne, im Studium der Indogermanistik oder aus Interesse an alten Sprachen.

Fragst du dich manchmal, wie du deine innere Stärke entfalten kannst?Wünschst du dir mehr Ruhe und Klarheit im hektischen Alltag?Dieses Buch begleitet dich liebevoll auf deiner Reise zu mehr Selbstliebe, innerer Kraft, Dankbarkeit und Achtsamkeit. Es schenkt dir jeden Tag Inspiration, Mut und die Erinnerung, dass du genug bist - genauso, wie du bist.Entdecke das Wunder in dir durch: ¿ Selbstliebe: Feiere deine Einzigartigkeit und lerne, dich bedingungslos zu lieben.¿ Innere Stärke: Entdecke, wie viel Kraft in dir steckt, und finde deinen Weg.¿ Dankbarkeit: Schätze die kleinen und großen Wunder, die das Leben bereithält.¿ Achtsamkeit: Finde Frieden im Moment und schenke dir selbst Aufmerksamkeit.Was macht dieses Buch besonders?¿ Tägliche Impulse: Inspirierende Texte, die dich ermutigen und stärken.¿ Affirmationen: Positive Gedanken, die deine innere Stimme liebevoller machen.¿ Praktische Übungen: Sanfte Anstöße, um deine Perspektive zu erweitern.Dieses Buch ist ein Geschenk - für dich selbst oder einen besonderen Menschen.Klicke es JETZT und entdecke das Wunder in dir!

Nationalism and Indigenousness in Select Commonwealth Writings and Films: A Postcolonial Rereading-the first publication the new book-series Studies in Commonwealth Writings-collects 24 essays written by scholars, critics, and writers from all over the world, which, in the postcolonial perspective, analyze select literary writings and films from the so-called 'Commonwealth countries' (especially those belonging to Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Caribbeans) to explore how the concerned writers and filmmakers have depicted issues of nationalism and indigeneity. Though there are controversies regarding the acceptability and relevance of the term 'Commonwealth', the present literary and cultural world is - identifiably - being dominated by publications and works of these 'Commonwealth' litterateurs and filmmakers. Ranging from analyses of Canadian writings to Indian films and novels, and from Australian writings to African publications and cinema, this anthology of critical writings-to be used by academicians and researchers alike from the disciplines of literature and film studies-seeks to fill in the (perceptible) lacuna that still exists in the field of critical approaches to Commonwealth literature, films, and culture.

This volume looks at the r¿ti poet Dev's works and career through the study of the socio-historical context of the first half of the 18th century and the analysis of the Rasavil¿sa, a text dedicated to the description of the female literary figure of the n¿yik¿. Studying a good number of poems translated for the first time, the book also illustrates the evolution of the n¿yik¿bheda genre and the important influence of other literary traditions.

Immerse yourself in the intellectual richness of Indian philosophical traditions with this scholarly masterpiece that unveils the development of philosophical thought in India from the Vedic period to the early centuries of the Common Era. This insightful book presents a panoramic view of diverse philosophical schools, including Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, and others, and offers invaluable insights into their key tenets and contributions. Extensive research and lucid writing make this volume an essential reference for students, scholars, and enthusiasts of Indian philosophy worldwide.<BR> A captivating journey through the philosophical heritage of India!<BR> - A comprehensive exploration of the evolution of Indian philosophical thought.- Highlights the philosophical systems, thinkers, and their ideas that have shaped Indian culture and spirituality.- An extensive overview of the diverse schools of Indian philosophy and their principles.- A perfect value addition for any library.- An ideal choice for lovers of history and philosophy.<BR>

This research intricately examines the reverberations of the Partition of India in 1947, with a focused exploration into the marginalisation endured by the Muslim community in its aftermath. Through a meticulous historical analysis, the study elucidates the socio-political and cultural forces at play during this pivotal period of Indian history. What sets this research apart is its innovative incorporation of Anita Desai's literary masterpieces, notably Clear Light of Day and In Custody, as a unique vantage point for understanding the Muslim experience post-Partition. Negotiating the complexities of historical and literary analysis presents a notable challenge, as does sensitively addressing the profound ramifications of marginalisation. Methodologically, the research employs a multidisciplinary approach, blending historical research methods with nuanced literary interpretation. The findings unearth the nuanced layers of Muslim marginalisation, shedding light on its subtle yet pervasive manifestations. The research's novelty lies in its interdisciplinary framework, seamlessly weaving together historical inquiry and literary exploration to offer a holistic understanding of the enduring impacts of Partition. Ultimately, this study bears significant implications for academia, fostering cross-disciplinary dialogue and enriching perspectives on the enduring legacy of Partition in India.

Vidy¿pati: Bang¿ya pad¿bali; songs of the love of R¿dh¿ and Krishna, is a classical book and has been considered important throughout the human history. So that this book is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this again in a modern format book for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

Transgression in the Bengali Avant-Garde wants to introduce the Hungry Generation movement to a global audience through its poetry, manifestoes and other literary materials. Emerged from the cities of Patna and Calcutta in the early 1960s, the Hungry Generation gained international attention after the poets' arrest on charges of obscenity in 1964. Fiercely provoking the literary establishment, these Bengali bohemians used poetry and literature as means of cultural radicalism, tackling subjects like sexuality, perversion, alcohol and drug consumption, masturbation, and hyper-masculinity to challenge bourgeois morality and respectability. The book sheds light on a variety of Hungryalist sources and explores the literature of the Hungry Generation through the filter of 'transgression', showing how this concept unfolded in the language, aesthetics and culture behind this Bengali avant-garde movement. Furthermore, the book will delve into the poetry of some iconic representatives of the Hungry Generation, critically reading their oeuvre in the context of changing models of sexuality, consumption, and modernization in post-colonial India.

Chitra is a one-act play written by Rabindranath Tagore, first published in English in 1913 by the India Society of London. The play adapts part of the story from the Mahabharata and centers upon the character of Chitrangada, a female warrior who tries to attract the attention of Arjuna. Chitra has been performed worldwide and has been adapted into several different formats, such as dance.

Critical discussions on Jhumpa Lahiri's works are rampant, but they are confined to her short stories and fictional writings. This book offers a fresh perspective by showing how she gradually shifts her identity from a fiction writer to a non-fiction writer. And, more importantly, her adherence to the 'Italian phase' in academia has not previously been the subject of such a thorough critical investigation. There is a sudden change in her writing and her choice of language; she prefers Italy and the Italian language to English and Bengali. Such spatial as well as linguistic dislocation leads her towards a new space in which she anticipates her freedom of choice, confronts difficulties, and often gets confused, too: to be in Italy or not to be.What this book seeks to touch upon is how Lahiri's fictional as well as nonfictional writings bring out her and her fictional characters' translational and transnational existence reinforcing her literary motto 'I translate, therefore I am'.It is of special interest to students as well as scholars of Diaspora and Migration studies."Auritra Munshi's book is an important addition to the critical examination of the well-known South Asian diasporic writer Jhumpa Lahiri ... He efficiently demonstrates how Lahiri is to be now considered as more than a diasporic writer-but rather a transnational global voice."-Himadri Lahiri, Professor Emeritus, Department of English and Culture Studies, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India"What is particularly interesting is the attention Auritra Munshi pays to Lahiri's later works, especially those belonging to what may be called her 'Italian phase'. His book will be a great value addition to anyone interested in Jhumpa Lahiri's writings and the very many questions of contemporary concern she raises and is interested in. A pleasure to read."-Prof. Simi Malhotra, Professor & Head, Department of English, Director, Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India."An invaluable contribution to scholarship on Jhumpa Lahiri."-Prof. Amrit Sen, Professor, Department of English and Other Modern European Languages (DEOMEL), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India

This book explores Tamil Dalit feminist poets challenging Tamil literary tradition with poetics that reinvent language, form, and content. They present their radical poems shedding rich insight on the violence of patriarchal and caste supremacy on the Dalit body, while affirming Dalit spirituality, music, culture, nature, and democracy.

Die Welt in Gefahr: ein brandaktueller Thriller um den Klimawandel - und unsere mögliche Rettung.In einer Welt der nahen Zukunft hat der Treibhauseffekt zu einer wirbelnden Troposphäre mit Superstürmen, Überschwemmungen und gnadenloser Hitze geführt. Der globale Kollaps scheint unausweichlich, der Anstieg des Meeresspiegels ist nicht mehr aufzuhalten. Doch dann stellt ein texanischer Milliardär die Mittel für ein spektakuläres Projekt bereit, das die globale Erwärmung stoppen könnte. Aber wird es funktionieren? Ein Wettlauf gegen die Zeit beginnt, der über das Schicksal der gesamten Menschheit entscheiden wird. Ein mitreißender, apokalyptischer Roman, erzählt von einem der visionärsten Autoren unserer Zeit.