Mechanical Engineering

This thesis demonstrates the value of theoretical approaches in the discovery of new superconducting materials. It reports a detailed study of the recently discovered nickel-oxide (nickelate) superconductors using multiple first-principles computational tools, from density functional theory to dynamical mean field theory. In the context of superconductivity, discoveries have generally been linked to serendipitous experimental discovery; this thesis reports some of the few examples of predictions of new superconductors that have later been realized in practice, a prime example of the significance of the methodology it expounds. Overall, it represents a seminal systematic work in the electronic structure theory of the emergent field of nickelate superconductivity.

This book undertakes an extensive exploration of manganese-based compounds, such as T¿¿¿SrxMnO¿ (T = La, Pr; x = 0.35, 0.25) using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations with a focus on understanding their electronic, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. Bä¿¿SrxFeO¿ (x = 0, 0.2) is also studied via different approximations, offering a comparative perspective. In addition, the book looks at the influence of magnetism using Monte Carlo simulations, revealing crucial parameters and examining the GdCrO¿ system through DFT and Monte Carlo simulation, shedding light on recent experimental observations. Additionally, Monte Carlo studies investigate magnetic and magnetocaloric features of Sr¿FeMoO¿, LäSrMn¿O¿ bilayer manganite, perovskite ferromagnetic thin films' surface effects, and SmFe¿¿¿MnxO¿ perovskite. In essence, this book significantly advances our comprehension of magnetic and magnetocaloric phenomena across diverse materials and is well-suited for both experimentalists and computational researchers working in this field.

Clearly demonstrates novel aspects of metamaterials to show the direction of future developmentsPresents innovative concepts that will lead to qualitatively new phenomena and devicesDescribes topics with many practical examples to help the reader to learn easily

Book

Die Rad Schiene Kontaktflächen werden mittels der Finite-Elemente-Methode mit anschließender experimenteller Validierung der numerischen Ergebnisse ermittelt. Zur Abbildung der Kontaktsituation wurden Materialmodelle für drei Druckmessfolientypen sowie für Kohlepapier in Kombination mit herkömmlichem Papier bestimmt. Die experimentellen Validierungen belegen, dass die erarbeiteten Materialmodelle valide Ergebnisse für die Vorhersage der Rad-Schiene-Kontaktsituation liefern.

This monograph provides a comprehensive study of the Riemann problem for systems of conservation laws arising in continuum physics. It presents the state-of-the-art on the dynamics of compressible fluids and mixtures that undergo phase changes, while remaining accessible to applied mathematicians and engineers interested in shock waves, phase boundary propagation, and nozzle flows. A large selection of nonlinear hyperbolic systems is treated here, including the Saint-Venant, van der Waals, and Baer-Nunziato models. A central theme is the role of the kinetic relation for the selection of under-compressible interfaces in complex fluid flows. This book is recommended to graduate students and researchers who seek new mathematical perspectives on shock waves and phase dynamics.

Strukturgussbauteile aus Aluminium nehmen in Zeiten der Elektromobilität und immer weiter steigender Fahrzeuggewichte einen hohen Stellenwert in der Automobilindustrie ein. Besonders hochfeste Legierungen bieten dabei die Möglichkeit, Wandstärke zu reduzieren, den Leichtbau voranzutreiben und wertvolle Ressourcen zu schonen. Diese weisen dabei allerdings zumeist einen spröden Charakter auf, wodurch ihr Einsatzspektrum stark begrenzt ist.Das Ziel dieses Buches ist es, die Verformbarkeit hochfester Aluminium-Silizium-Druckgusslegierungen zu verbessern, ohne sonstige Eigenschaften negativ zu beeinträchtigen. Hierzu wird ein umfassendes Grundverständnis zur Reduktion intermetallischer Phasen geschaffen, sowie die Rolle unterschiedlichster Legierungselemente bei der Entstehung von Formkleben und ihr Einfluss auf Gießbarkeit, Festigkeit und Duktilität analysiert.Auf Basis der erarbeiteten Erkenntnisse wird eine optimierte Strukturgusslegierung vorgestellt, welche bis zu 40 % höhere Bruchdehnungen erreicht und ein Vordringen in bisher unerreichte Festigkeiten eröffnet.

This textbook is designed for students and researchers who are interested in materials and catalysts informatics with little to no prior experience in data science or programming languages. Starting with a comprehensive overview of the concept and historical context of materials and catalysts informatics, it serves as a guide for establishing a robust materials informatics environment. This essential resource is designed to teach vital skills and techniques required for conducting informatics-driven research, including the intersection of hardware, software, programming, machine learning within the field of data science and informatics. Readers will explore fundamental programming techniques, with a specific focus on Python, a versatile and widely-used language in the field. The textbook explores various machine learning techniques, equipping learners with the knowledge to harness the power of data science effectively. The textbook provides Python code examples, demonstrating materials informatics applications, and offers a deeper understanding through real-world case studies using materials and catalysts data. This practical exposure ensures readers are fully prepared to embark on their informatics-driven research endeavors upon completing the textbook. Instructors will also find immense value in this resource, as it consolidates the skills and information required for materials informatics into one comprehensive repository. This streamlines the course development process, significantly reducing the time spent on creating course material. Instructors can leverage this solid foundation to craft engaging and informative lecture content, making the teaching process more efficient and effective.

This brief provides a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of cavitation and bubble dynamics, covering the discussion of bubble dynamics equations, bubble oscillation dynamics, theoretical prediction models of jets, and high-speed photography technology. Among them, the core formulas, important research methods, and typical results related to bubble oscillation and collapse dynamics are systematically and comprehensively introduced. Specifically, in terms of the bubble dynamics equations, several classical dynamic equations utilized to describe the radial motion of the spherical bubble, cylindrical bubble, and the bubble in a droplet are derived and compared. In terms of the bubble oscillation dynamics, based on the perturbation method, multi-scale method, and Laplace transform method, the nonlinear oscillation characteristics of the bubble in free oscillation and driven oscillation are analyzed. In terms of the jet prediction theory, the Kelvin impulse model and various boundary treatment methods are given in detail, and the jet direction, intensity, and spatial sensitivity caused by the bubble collapse near various boundaries are discussed. In terms of the bubble collapse visualization based on the high-speed photography, taking the laser-induced bubble as an example, the system composition, operation process and experimental layout of the high-speed photography experimental platform are introduced, and a large number of typical bubble collapse deformation, jet evolution and shock wave propagation characteristics obtained from experiments are demonstrated. This book is intended for academic researchers and graduate students in fluid dynamics, aiming to consolidate the basic theory, physical mechanism, and latest progress in the field of bubble dynamics.

This book offers an in-depth exploration of battery separators, a critical component in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Serving as insulators between electrodes to prevent internal short circuits, these separators play a crucial role in retaining liquid electrolyte and facilitating the migration of lithium ions during battery cycling. In the face of increasing demand for high-performance LIBs across diverse applications, the development of superior separators is imperative. Among the various advancements in battery separator research, electrospun nanofibrous separators have gained significant attention. These separators exhibit compelling characteristics, including large pore size (typically above 500 nm), high porosity (typically above 70%), and an interconnected porous structure, all of which enhance ion transportation efficiency and battery cycling performance. However, a notable focus in previous studies has been on electrochemical inert materials as battery separators, which do not contribute to the battery's capacity. This book presents a comprehensive study that introduces a novel concept: the development of a redox-active separator based on electrospun polypyrrole (PPy) composite nanofibers to significantly enhance battery capacity. The book begins by exploring the effects of separators on battery performance, providing valuable insights and guidance for separator design. Then, a detailed investigation into the kinetics of in-situ polymerization of PPy with electrospun fibrous membranes as templates follows, shedding light on the mechanisms behind fabricating the proposed separator. Finally, this book presents the fabrication and characterization of the proposed separator, showcasing potential of the separator for enhancing battery capacity. This book is intended for researchers, engineers, and professionals in the field of battery technology, materials science, and electrochemistry. It is also a valuable resource for graduate students and academics seeking advanced insights into the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries and innovative separator technologies.

This contributed book is focused on the use of nanomaterials in biomedical applications, particularly in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. It covers a wide range of nanomaterials, including polymers, metals, and carbon-based materials, and discusses their incorporation into polymeric biocomposites to create materials with unique properties. The book overviews the various applications of these nanocomposites, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensors, and packaging. It is a useful resource for research scholars, graduate students, academics, and pharmaceutical companies working in the fields of material science and nanotechnology.

The book reviews the algebra, trigonometry, and basic calculus students need to be successful in solving problems. Next, a review of kinematics and Newton's laws are discussed, and numerous examples are solved. Mechanisms include the slider crank, offset slider crank, gears and gear trains, belts and chains, and cams. A graphical and analytical approach is taken when covering slider crank mechanisms. The book uses vectors and Kennedy's theorem to solve a variety of included examples. Gears and gear trains as well as belts and chains are discussed. Finally, cams using graphical and analytical techniques are introduced. The concluding chapter gives multiple projects used in the class to capture the lectures and computer modeling using Excel and MATLAB.

This book offers an in-depth investigation into the complexities of long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) in civil structures, specifically focusing on the challenges posed by small data and environmental and operational changes (EOCs). Traditional contact-based sensor networks in SHM produce large amounts of data, complicating big data management. In contrast, synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-aided SHM often faces challenges with small datasets and limited displacement data. Additionally, EOCs can mimic the structural damage, resulting in false errors that can critically affect economic and safety issues. Addressing these challenges, this book introduces seven advanced unsupervised learning methods for SHM, combining AI, data sampling, and statistical analysis. These include techniques for managing datasets and addressing EOCs. Methods range from nearest neighbor searching and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling to innovative offline and online learning frameworks, focusing on data augmentation and normalization. Key approaches involve deep autoencoders for data processing and novel algorithms for damage detection. Validated using simulated data from the I-40 Bridge, USA, and real-world data from the Tadcaster Bridge, UK, these methods show promise in addressing SAR-aided SHM challenges, offering practical tools for real-world applications. The book, thereby, presents a comprehensive suite of innovative strategies to advance the field of SHM.

This book highlights the photogalvanic effects at low dimensions, surfaces, and interfaces, more specifically 2D materials, such as graphene and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Although the phenomenology of the photogalvanic effects, which can be simply seen as photoresponse nonlinear-in-electric field, have been well-established, the microscopic understanding in each material system may vary. This book is a quick reference and a detailed roadmap starting from phenomenology and continuing with the ultimate low dimensional materials, in which the photogalvanic effects can offer a rich platform at the second-order response to an electric field. A general phenomenology of photogalvanic effect is provided in the first chapter, together with the photon drag effect which also generates a photocurrent like the photogalvanic effect, but with some distinct features, as well as somewhat puzzling similarities. Next two chapters explain these effects in graphene, starting with a necessary related background on graphene, then a particular focus on its specific phenomenology, microscopic theory, and experimental results. In a similar fashion, in chapters four and five, a necessary background for the photogalvanic effects in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, with symmetry analysis, microscopic theory, and experimental results is presented, along with the Berry curvature dependent photocurrent, which can also play an important role in 2D semiconductors. The second-order photogalvanic effects that have been covered so far in graphene and monolayer transition metal chalcogenides have already excited the 2D semiconductor optoelectronic research community by several means. It seems that the interests on the photogalvanic effects will continue to escalate in near future.

This book encompasses Materials Engineering with Medical Science which introduces the depth of knowledge from beginning with relevant fundamentals. This book fills the void which comprises a broad range of Materials Engineering with Medical science, from atomic physics to histology. This book greatly benefits towards those engineering students who are least familiar with biological science as well as medical science.