Chemistry

Interfacial phenomena play a crucial role in various industrial processes and daily operations. These phenomena are related to the formation of emulsions and foams, adsorption on solid and fluid interfaces, wettability alteration, and others that strongly impact the quality and cost of products and processes. Understanding the interfacial phenomena encompasses inexorably the description of surface thermodynamics and the assessment of thermodynamic properties. The book Fundamentals of Surface Thermodynamics introduces the basics of the thermodynamics of interface from a perspective of chemical engineering thermodynamics and surface chemistry. It provides insights into real-life phenomena, emphasizing the practical significance of abstract properties routinely dealt with by scientists and engineers. The book is tailored for both graduate and undergraduate courses in chemistry and engineering schools. The book content is particularly beneficial for industry professionals involved in oil & gas, fluid transportation, nanotechnology, and other operations with multiphase complex systems, where the process effectiveness is affected by interfacial phenomena.The Fundamentals of Surface Thermodynamics brings a comprehensive description of colloidal science, ranging from conventional surfactant applications to responsive systems and nanomaterials applied to life science. The author invites the reader on a journey into the fascinating world where small-dimension entities breathe. The book aims to inspire students and professionals to delve deep into the intricacies of interface thermodynamics, thereby contributing to supporting education activities and enabling industrial solutions.

This book undertakes an extensive exploration of manganese-based compounds, such as T¿¿¿SrxMnO¿ (T = La, Pr; x = 0.35, 0.25) using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations with a focus on understanding their electronic, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties. Bä¿¿SrxFeO¿ (x = 0, 0.2) is also studied via different approximations, offering a comparative perspective. In addition, the book looks at the influence of magnetism using Monte Carlo simulations, revealing crucial parameters and examining the GdCrO¿ system through DFT and Monte Carlo simulation, shedding light on recent experimental observations. Additionally, Monte Carlo studies investigate magnetic and magnetocaloric features of Sr¿FeMoO¿, LäSrMn¿O¿ bilayer manganite, perovskite ferromagnetic thin films' surface effects, and SmFe¿¿¿MnxO¿ perovskite. In essence, this book significantly advances our comprehension of magnetic and magnetocaloric phenomena across diverse materials and is well-suited for both experimentalists and computational researchers working in this field.

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Wie kann man chemische Probleme mathematisch beschreiben und lösen? In Theorie, Anwendung und Beispiel zeigt dieses Buch Studierenden die erforderlichen mathematischen Methoden praxisbezogen und verständlich. Viele Übungsaufgaben machen fit für Prüfung und Praxis.

This advanced textbook provides an exhaustive review of topics of immense importance to the fundamental understanding of physics of materials at high pressures. The book presents the current status of experimental and theoretical techniques used to understand the behaviour of materials under high compression. Various topics covered in this book are high pressure studies of materials, equation of state of materials, phase transitions under high pressures, behaviour of hydrogen and hydrides under pressure, and hydrogen bond in solids under high pressure. This book is highly useful reference for the scientists working in the field of condensed matter in general and its behaviour under static and dynamic compression, in particular.

This textbook is designed for students and researchers who are interested in materials and catalysts informatics with little to no prior experience in data science or programming languages. Starting with a comprehensive overview of the concept and historical context of materials and catalysts informatics, it serves as a guide for establishing a robust materials informatics environment. This essential resource is designed to teach vital skills and techniques required for conducting informatics-driven research, including the intersection of hardware, software, programming, machine learning within the field of data science and informatics. Readers will explore fundamental programming techniques, with a specific focus on Python, a versatile and widely-used language in the field. The textbook explores various machine learning techniques, equipping learners with the knowledge to harness the power of data science effectively. The textbook provides Python code examples, demonstrating materials informatics applications, and offers a deeper understanding through real-world case studies using materials and catalysts data. This practical exposure ensures readers are fully prepared to embark on their informatics-driven research endeavors upon completing the textbook. Instructors will also find immense value in this resource, as it consolidates the skills and information required for materials informatics into one comprehensive repository. This streamlines the course development process, significantly reducing the time spent on creating course material. Instructors can leverage this solid foundation to craft engaging and informative lecture content, making the teaching process more efficient and effective.

This brief provides a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding field of cavitation and bubble dynamics, covering the discussion of bubble dynamics equations, bubble oscillation dynamics, theoretical prediction models of jets, and high-speed photography technology. Among them, the core formulas, important research methods, and typical results related to bubble oscillation and collapse dynamics are systematically and comprehensively introduced. Specifically, in terms of the bubble dynamics equations, several classical dynamic equations utilized to describe the radial motion of the spherical bubble, cylindrical bubble, and the bubble in a droplet are derived and compared. In terms of the bubble oscillation dynamics, based on the perturbation method, multi-scale method, and Laplace transform method, the nonlinear oscillation characteristics of the bubble in free oscillation and driven oscillation are analyzed. In terms of the jet prediction theory, the Kelvin impulse model and various boundary treatment methods are given in detail, and the jet direction, intensity, and spatial sensitivity caused by the bubble collapse near various boundaries are discussed. In terms of the bubble collapse visualization based on the high-speed photography, taking the laser-induced bubble as an example, the system composition, operation process and experimental layout of the high-speed photography experimental platform are introduced, and a large number of typical bubble collapse deformation, jet evolution and shock wave propagation characteristics obtained from experiments are demonstrated. This book is intended for academic researchers and graduate students in fluid dynamics, aiming to consolidate the basic theory, physical mechanism, and latest progress in the field of bubble dynamics.

This book offers an in-depth exploration of battery separators, a critical component in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Serving as insulators between electrodes to prevent internal short circuits, these separators play a crucial role in retaining liquid electrolyte and facilitating the migration of lithium ions during battery cycling. In the face of increasing demand for high-performance LIBs across diverse applications, the development of superior separators is imperative. Among the various advancements in battery separator research, electrospun nanofibrous separators have gained significant attention. These separators exhibit compelling characteristics, including large pore size (typically above 500 nm), high porosity (typically above 70%), and an interconnected porous structure, all of which enhance ion transportation efficiency and battery cycling performance. However, a notable focus in previous studies has been on electrochemical inert materials as battery separators, which do not contribute to the battery's capacity. This book presents a comprehensive study that introduces a novel concept: the development of a redox-active separator based on electrospun polypyrrole (PPy) composite nanofibers to significantly enhance battery capacity. The book begins by exploring the effects of separators on battery performance, providing valuable insights and guidance for separator design. Then, a detailed investigation into the kinetics of in-situ polymerization of PPy with electrospun fibrous membranes as templates follows, shedding light on the mechanisms behind fabricating the proposed separator. Finally, this book presents the fabrication and characterization of the proposed separator, showcasing potential of the separator for enhancing battery capacity. This book is intended for researchers, engineers, and professionals in the field of battery technology, materials science, and electrochemistry. It is also a valuable resource for graduate students and academics seeking advanced insights into the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries and innovative separator technologies.

This contributed book is focused on the use of nanomaterials in biomedical applications, particularly in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. It covers a wide range of nanomaterials, including polymers, metals, and carbon-based materials, and discusses their incorporation into polymeric biocomposites to create materials with unique properties. The book overviews the various applications of these nanocomposites, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensors, and packaging. It is a useful resource for research scholars, graduate students, academics, and pharmaceutical companies working in the fields of material science and nanotechnology.

This book highlights the photogalvanic effects at low dimensions, surfaces, and interfaces, more specifically 2D materials, such as graphene and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Although the phenomenology of the photogalvanic effects, which can be simply seen as photoresponse nonlinear-in-electric field, have been well-established, the microscopic understanding in each material system may vary. This book is a quick reference and a detailed roadmap starting from phenomenology and continuing with the ultimate low dimensional materials, in which the photogalvanic effects can offer a rich platform at the second-order response to an electric field. A general phenomenology of photogalvanic effect is provided in the first chapter, together with the photon drag effect which also generates a photocurrent like the photogalvanic effect, but with some distinct features, as well as somewhat puzzling similarities. Next two chapters explain these effects in graphene, starting with a necessary related background on graphene, then a particular focus on its specific phenomenology, microscopic theory, and experimental results. In a similar fashion, in chapters four and five, a necessary background for the photogalvanic effects in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, with symmetry analysis, microscopic theory, and experimental results is presented, along with the Berry curvature dependent photocurrent, which can also play an important role in 2D semiconductors. The second-order photogalvanic effects that have been covered so far in graphene and monolayer transition metal chalcogenides have already excited the 2D semiconductor optoelectronic research community by several means. It seems that the interests on the photogalvanic effects will continue to escalate in near future.

Thermodynamics is needed to understand many processes on Earth, be they physical, chemical, or biological. Thermodynamics is critical to study the atmosphere (lapse rate, fohn winds, circulation), hydrosphere (latent and sensible heat, pressure dependence of freezing/boiling points), geosphere (geothermal gradients, mineral stability) and the biosphere (redox zonation, evolution of biogeochemical cycles). This introduction to thermodynamics and equilibria aims to provide the basic concepts of relevance for atmospheric, marine, climate, and environmental sciences and to prepare students for more advanced classes in physical chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology.This is an open access book.

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This book encompasses Materials Engineering with Medical Science which introduces the depth of knowledge from beginning with relevant fundamentals. This book fills the void which comprises a broad range of Materials Engineering with Medical science, from atomic physics to histology. This book greatly benefits towards those engineering students who are least familiar with biological science as well as medical science.

This book discusses the synthesis of catalytic materials with improved and tailored functionalities via the sol-gel method. Beginning with a general outline of traditional sol-gel chemistry, the book gradually explores surrounding topics, such as the formation of porous structures, while guiding the overall discussion toward the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts and focusing throughout on the structure-activity relationship in catalytic materials. Featuring several case studies covering major current industrial applications, the book is an ideal guide for researchers looking to tailor catalytic materials for a specific catalytic process and thus exploiting the versatility of the "traditional" sol-gel method.

This book mainly investigates the adsorption of anionic diclofenac sodium on natural clay minerals, the adsorption of anionic chloramphenicol on natural clay minerals and the behavior of surface and interface modification or adsorption on clay minerals. It has significant guidance for learning the transfer and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the soil. It develops an efficient, low-cost adsorbent material and provides theoretical basis and valuable reference for the effective prevention of groundwater contamination of PPCPs in the field of environmental engineering.