Economic History

GB

Weltweit gibt es über 160 verschiedene Währungen, jede mit einem Monopol innerhalb ihres eigenen Rechtsraums. Doch abgesehen von einer Handvoll stabilerer Währungen, verlieren die meisten von ihnen mit der Zeit rapide an Wert und finden kaum Akzeptanz außerhalb ihrer Landesgrenzen. Grenzüberschreitende Zahlungsengpässe, Umrechnungsprobleme und Währungswechsel machen das globale Finanzsystem in gewisser Weise zu einem modernen Tauschhandel. Wer im "falschen" Land geboren wurde, hat es besonders schwer, effektiv zu sparen. Während stetig steigende Energieproduktion und der technologische Fortschritt durch Elektronik unseren Lebensstandard kontinuierlich verbessert haben, hinkt das globale Finanzsystem dieser Entwicklung hinterher und bremst das wirtschaftliche Potenzial aus. Diese Problematik trifft nicht nur Schwellenländer, sondern wird zunehmend auch in den Industrieländern spürbar, wo Schulden und Defizite außer Kontrolle geraten und Wellen von Inflation und Bankenzusammenbrüchen die Weltwirtschaft erschüttern.Wie konnte es so weit kommen? Warum ist unser Geld im 21. Jahrhundert immer noch so unzulänglich?Politische Eingriffe können zwar kurzfristige und lokale Verbesserungen bringen, doch nur Technologie schafft nachhaltige und globale Veränderungen. Genau wie Gold einst Muscheln ersetzt hat, und wie Zentralbanken eine logische Konsequenz der Einführung von Geldscheinen aus Papyrus sind, und sogar wie die Erfindung des Telegraphen nur eine erste Etappe auf dem Entwicklungspfad hin zu Bitcoin darstellt, fällt die Bedeutsamkeit von Technologie insbesondere im Geldwesen auf.In BROKEN MONEY nimmt Lyn Alden ihre Leser mit auf eine spannende Reise durch die technologische Evolution des Geldes. Sie beleuchtet die Ursprünge des Geldwesens, wagt einen Blick in die Zukunft und hinterfragt die fundamentalen Grundlagen, auf denen unsere heutigen Geldsysteme beruhen.

Die Bedeutung des betrieblichen Rechnungswesens für unternehmerische Entscheidungen ist heute unbestritten. Doch galt dieser Zusammenhang auch für Unternehmen des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts? Das Buch beantwortet diese Frage am Beispiel der deutschen Chemieindustrie und bietet neue Einsichten in die Entwicklung betriebswirtschaftlichen und bilanziellen Wissens zwischen den 1860er Jahren und dem Ersten Weltkrieg.

This is Warren Buffett's complete shareholder letters from 1965 to 2024. 60 years of unfiltered insight into how the world's most successful investor built Berkshire Hathaway from a tiny textile company into a trillion-dollar compounding machine.If you want summaries and sound bites, other books will do the job. If you want the unfiltered record, this is it. No hindsight, no editing, no interpretation - just the raw evolution of his thinking as Berkshire's story unfolded year by year.You'll find candid mistakes that shaped future decisions, and the gradual development of principles that became investing gospel. Buffett walks you through capital allocation, incentive design, market panics, and the human side of great businesses, year by year. Includes charts that show visually how Berkshire grew, plus comprehensive indexes of topics, companies, and people for easy reference.Warren Buffett himself keeps copies of this book in his office and refers to them regularly. For serious students of business and investing, this is the primary source.You can read the PDFs for free online, but this carefully designed book makes for a dramatically better reading experience. Easy to flip through, highlight, and reference the way Buffett himself does.

Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Prelude: Price Deflation, 1865-1897.- Chapter 3. Prices Begin a Slow Rise, 1897-1909.- Chapter 4. Concern Intensifies in 1910: What or Whom to Blame?.- Chapter 5. Reform in Detail: Attempted Remedies for Rising Prices, 1910-1914.- Chapter 6. Food Prices, Democratic Political Gains, and Legislation, 1911-1914.- Chapter 7. The High Cost of Living: Respite and Upsurge, 1915 toEarly 1917.- Chapter 8. The Inflation Muddle, 1915 to June 1917.- Chapter 9. War Finance and Prices.- Chapter 10. One Commodity at a Time: Wartime Attempts to Restrain Prices and Profiteering.- Chapter 11. Getting By: Earners Confront Changing Real Incomes.- Chapter 12. Postwar: Brief Respite and Resurgent High Cost of Living, 1919-1920.- Chapter 13. Confronting High Prices: Pursuing Profiteering and Systemic Causes, 1919-1920.- Chapter 14. Inflation vs. Deflation, 1920: Anxiety, Indecision, Reversal, and Electoral Upheaval.- Chapter 15. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' Cost-of-Living Index.- Chapter 16. Deflation's Consequences: Winners, Losers, and a Brief New Normalcy.- Chapter 17. Epilogue: 1920s to Present.- Chapter 18. Conclusion.

This book takes as its point of departure the strong Swedish economic-historical scholarly tradition that has combined rigorous macroeconomic analysis with a classical institutional approach when investigating Swedish economic development. One important scholar in this tradition is Professor Lena Andersson-Skog, who has in her scholarly work focused on, among other things, the role of infrastructure, regulation, entrepreneurship, and female labour. To honour Andersson-Skog's path-breaking work, this book consists of chapters written by her colleagues and former students in which they combine this tradition with new research into the themes of the role of infrastructure, institutional framework and regulation, entrepreneurship, and female labour. This is not an ordinary Festschrift, but rather a collection of essays of recent important research into Swedish economic history, with new data and insights.

This book discusses the growing interest in realism in social sciences of the twenty-first century. The first part of this book provides recent discussions on realism in philosophy. The second part describes specific problems that have returned to realism in various fields of the social sciences, such as economics, cultural anthropology, management science, and statistics. This book clarifies what kinds of movements are taking place and consequently the direction in which the social sciences are heading in the future. Readers would also find that there is great diversity in the way realism and reality are perceived and understood, depending on the objectives and circumstances of each field of social science. This suggests that rather than having a unified view (stance) of realism and reality, it may be more meaningful to value the differences, diversity, and range itself. Therefore, this book does not present a unified view of realism, reality, and actuality. Although the definitions of realism and reality may differ from chapter to chapter, this represents a corner of the current state of the social sciences. This book is unique in that it examines how the issues of realism and reality are viewed, understood, and dealt with in the various fields of social science, instead of examining them by philosophers and philosophers of science. This would clarify how philosophical discussions have been translated into the various fields of social science.

This research presents a rigorous investigation of US companies' financial resilience within the S&P 500 index from the year 2000 onward. The book focuses on the process of a company's bounce back to pre-crisis levels after a disturbance, exploring resilience measured through recovery duration and various financial performance indicators. The study analyzes three significant crises faced by the US during this period - the dotcom crisis, the global financial crisis, and the pandemic crisis. Through applied cox hazard regression and panel regression, the book reveals valuable empirical insights on factors impacting corporate financial resilience, sector-specific crisis effects, and essential considerations when interpreting the results. Investors, corporations, and researchers alike will find this data-driven resource a paramount asset in navigating the complexities of financial markets and fortifying corporate financial resilience for a prosperous future.

This open access book explores the history of pellagra, a vitamin deficiency disease brought about by a shift in agriculture to maize, and which was first identified in Italy in the 1760s. With a focus on the insanity that was caused by the disease, the authors examine how thousands of patients were treated in Italian psychiatric asylums, shedding light on the sufferer's point of view. Setting pellagrous insanity in a wider context of man-made or societal (anthropogenic) disease, where poverty, diet and disease meet, the book contributes to the history of medicine and science, the history of psychiatry, economic and social history, agrarian history, and food and nutrition history. Additionally, the authors aim to transnationalise Italian history by making comparisons with related issues, such as tertiary syphilis in the UK. Drawing from a wide range of printed and archival sources, including the writings of Italian medical investigators, the book examines how medical and scientificresearch was carried out during the long nineteenth century and the uncertainties that this engendered, in terms of classification, explanation, diagnosis and treatment. Offering a unique perspective on an endemic illness which came to be known as the disease of the four ds: dermatitis; diarrhea; dementia; and death, this book provides an engaging account of one of the most perplexing causes of mental illness.

This book advances an original conception of the relationship between state and corporate power in the United States. Using what he terms an Institutional Marxist framework, Maher argues that, far from passively responding to interest group pressures, the state has been a key agent in politically mobilizing business, and has played an active role in the organization of lobbying groups. Such business associations do not merely express the pre-existing interests of their corporate members, but are also mechanisms through which the state organizes the political power of the capitalist class. They form part of what the author refers to as an integral state-a wider network of state power which traverses and interpenetrates the state bureaucracy, the legislature, the industrial policy apparatus, and corporate governance. Based on extensive archival research, this book tracks the role of the General Electric Company as a pillar of the integral state in the United States from the finance capital period (1880 to 1930), through the managerial period (1930-1979), to the restructuring leading up to the age of neoliberalism (1979-present).

Human capital is of utmost importance for the future of our knowledge economies and societies. However, it is unequally distributed in Europe, contributing to marked spatial patterns of economic prosperity within and across countries. In many cases, these patterns have a long history. To understand them better, it requires to go back in time, when mass schooling was starting to become a reality across Europe. Taking a long-run perspective over more than 150 years, this book shows the development and the distribution of human capital in the regions of Europe and its connections with the economy. It provides insights into recent research findings in this area, including theoretical advances and the use of new empirical data.

This is the first book to focus comparatively on the development processes of finance in China and Japan during the prewar period. The key issue is how to evaluate the role of government in the establishing of modern financial system. Both China and Japan started from a similar pre-modern situation in the middle of 19th century in that the monetary conditions were primitive and complicated, the traditional financial institutions were money-exchange-based, and above all, both countries had faced serious challenging pressure from the Western powers. International or domestic military affairs largely affected the development processes in both countries. While Japan succeeded in establishing its modern financial system that consistently supported its economic growth, China failed to modernize its money and banking system effectively at least until the end of World War II and the government had to change hands to the socialists, which further delayed the financial development. The experience of Japan suggests that the establishment of modern financial system may not simply be as a result of "spontaneous order", a concept used by Hayek, at least for the case of a catching-up country. The evolution process of money and banking in China shows that the role of government, especially its enforcement ability of and compliance to the rule of law may be more important than the "legal origins".