Environment (General)

Die weltweite Wirtschaftskrise fordert nicht nur Politik und Gesellschaft, sondern auch die Unternehmen bei der Entwicklung von Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien. In diesem Kontext muss neben der Risikodiskussion auch eine Chancendebatte geführt werden. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, durch die Analyse der vorhandenen Stoff-, Informations-, Finanz- und Energieflüsse auf ineffiziente Strukturen aufmerksam zu werden und sie im Zuge des Krisenmanagements zu bewältigen. Gelingt dies, kann auch der Umweltschutz im Rahmen des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements gestärkt aus der Krise hervorgehen. Dieser Zielstellung, umweltorientiertes Wissen unterschiedlicher Wissenschaftsgebiete in einen interdisziplinären Kontext zu stellen, haben sich die Autoren dieses Buches gewidmet. Umweltsystemwissenschaften, Umweltpolitik, Umweltrecht, Umweltmanagement und Erneuerbare Energietechnik sind dabei die Schwerpunkte.

Aufbauend auf einer umfassenden und durch vielfältige Praxisbeispiele angereicherten Typologie liegt der Schwerpunkt des Buchs in der produktionstheoretischen Modellierung und Analyse verschiedener Kuppelproduktions-Typen. Den Rahmen liefert die Aktivitätsanalyse. Ziel ist es, eine einheitliche theoretische Grundlage zu schaffen, die der Handhabung einer Vielzahl spezieller Problemstellungen dienen kann. So lassen sich Aussagen für die Kalkulation oder die Programmplanung ableiten.

Dem wissenschaftlich interessierten Leser bietet dieses Buch eine ausführliche Auseinandersetzung mit der Theorie der Entsorgung; dem Praktiker dient es als Hilfestellung zur konstruktiven Modellierung und Optimierung des Entsorgungsprozesses. Neben grundlegenden produktionswirtschaftlichen Überlegungen werden auf der Basis der Aktivitätsanalyse Reduktions- bzw. Entsorgungprozesse produktionstheoretisch analysiert. Durch die neuartige Modellierung der Objektkomponenten lassen sich qualitative Unterschiede der Objekte erfassen und Entsorgungsprozesse realitätsnäher beschreiben. Für verschiedene, in der Arbeit herausgearbeitete Prozeßtypen werden allgemeine Überlegungen zur Modellierung und Optimierung angestellt, die an vielen Stellen für praktische Entsorgungsprozesse verdeutlicht werden.

Thomas M. Fischer entwickelt in seinem Buch konkrete Ideen für eine nachhaltige Transformation am Standort Deutschland, indem er verschiedene Ansätze zu einem Ganzen verbindet. Die zentrale Frage ist dabei nicht, worauf wir als Gesellschaft auf dem Weg zu wirksamem Klima- und Umweltschutz verzichten müssen, sondern vielmehr, was wir an Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Innovationskraft und Resilienz gewinnen können. Ob wir den künftigen Generationen einen lebenswerten Planeten hinterlassen und unsere soziale Marktwirtschaft in die Zukunft führen können, entscheidet sich in der Wirtschaft, die sich dafür neu erfinden muss: kreativ und verantwortungsvoll. Fischer ordnet seine Ideen zur Weiterentwicklung von Wertschöpfung, Kultur und Führung in das Konzept einer modernisierten sozialen Marktwirtschaft ein, in der gemeinschaftlich an einer enkelfähigen Zukunft gearbeitet wird.

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on Machine Learning Techniques.- Measuring landslide susceptibility in Jakholi region of Garhwal Himalaya applying novel ensembles of statistical and machine learning algorithms.- Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using GIS-based Frequency Ratio, Shannon Entropy, Information Value and Weight-of-Evidence approaches in part of Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, India.- An advanced hybrid machine learning technique for assessing the susceptibility to landslides in the Meenachil river basin of Kerala, India.- Novel ensemble of M5P and Deep learning neural network for predicting landslide susceptibility: A cross-validation approach.- Artificial neural network ensemble with General linear model for modeling the Landslide Susceptibility in Mirik region of West Bengal, India.- Modeling gully erosion susceptibility using advanced machine learning method in Pathro River Basin, India.- Quantitative Assessment of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture 2 Radar(INSAR) for Landslide Monitoring and Mitigation.- Assessment of Landslide Vulnerability using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods in Bageshwar District of Uttarakhand, India.- Assessing the shifting of the River Ganga along Malda District of West Bengal, India.- An ensemble of J48 Decision Tree with AdaBoost, and Bagging for flood susceptibility mapping in the Sundarban of West Bengal, India.- Assessment of mouza level flood resilience in lower part of Mayurakshi River basin, Eastern India.- Spatial flashflood modeling in Beas River Basin of Himachal Pradesh, India using GIS-based machine learning algorithms.- Geospatial study of river shifting and erosion deposition phenomenon along a selected stretch of River Damodar, West Bengal, India.- An Evaluation of Hydrological Modeling Using CN Method in Ungauged Barsa River Basin of Pasakha, Bhutan.- The Adoption of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) to Predict the Soil Liquefaction.

This book is a comprehensive collection of extended contributions from the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster Risks and the 12th Annual CMDR COE Conference on Crisis Management and Disaster Response held in the period June 4-6, 2024, in Sofia, Bulgaria, as a hybrid participation event.Environmental protection and disaster risk topics are challenging fields, that scientific world is trying to address. Earthquakes, floods, fires, droughts, blizzards, dust storms, natural releases of toxic gases and liquids, diseases, and other environmental variations affect hundreds of millions of people each year. Many disaster events are triggered by human activities. Dealing with these problems requires a multidisciplinary scientific approach. Actions in these directions are taken more and more in the recent years by political bodies, NGOs, and scientific groups trying to find sustainable solutions for the future generations. Every point of view matters when it comes to our global home-The Planet Earth.This book presents recent advances in the topics: disaster management, natural hazards, risk reduction, and building resilience; climate change challenges and security implications; resilience and business continuity management; high-performance computing, modeling and simulations, GIS for environmental monitoring and artificial intelligence.The book is focused on important large-scale applications like environmental and climate modeling, computational optimizations and algorithms for specific hazard situations analyses.

This book provides an overview of the extensive work that has been done on the design and implementation of the COVID-19 Philippines Local Government Unit Monitoring Platform, more commonly known as Feasibility Analysis of Syndromic Surveillance Using Spatio-Temporal Epidemiological Modeler for Early Detection of Diseases (FASSSTER). The project began in 2016 as a pilot study in developing a multidimensional approach in disease modeling requiring the development of an interoperable platform to accommodate input of data from various sources including electronic medical records, various disease surveillance systems, social media, online news, and weather data. In 2020, the FASSSTER platform was reconfigured for use in the COVID-19 pandemic. Using lessons learned from the previous design and implementation of the platform toward its full adoption by the Department of Health of the Philippines, this book narrates the story of FASSSTER in two main parts.Part I provides a historical perspective of the FASSSTER platform as a modeling and disease surveillance system for dengue, measles and typhoid, followed by the origins of the FASSSTER framework and how it was reconfigured for the management of COVID-19 information for the Philippines. Part I also explains the different technologies and system components of FASSSTER that paved the way to the operationalization of the FASSSTER model and allowed for seamless rendering of projections and analytics. Part II describes the FASSSTER analytics and models including the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model, the model for time-varying reproduction number, spatiotemporal models and contact tracing models, which became the basis for the imposition of restrictions in mobility translated into localized lockdowns.

This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). The book provides a common platform for the publication of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020, which is expected to continue up to 2030 and even beyond to globally promote the understanding and reduction of landslide disaster risk, as well as to address the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals.

This book intends to decipher the knowledge in the advancement of understanding, detecting, predicting, and monitoring landslides. The number of massive landslides and the damages they cause has increased across the globe in recent times. It is one of the most devastating natural hazards that cause widespread damage to habitat on a local, regional, and global scale. International experts provide their experience in landslide research and practice to help stakeholders mitigate and predict potential landslides. The book comprises chapters on: Dynamics, mechanisms, and processes of landslides; Geological, geotechnical, hydrological, and geophysical modelling for landslides; Mapping and assessment of hazard, vulnerability, and risk associated with landslides; Monitoring and early warning of landslides; Application of remote sensing and GIS techniques in monitoring and assessment of landslides. The book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers in adapting suitable modern techniques for landslide study.

This book covers the essentials of developments in the area of plate structures and presents them so that the readers can obtain a quick understanding and overview of the subject. Several theoretical models are employed for their analysis and design starting from the classical thin plate theory to alternatives obtained by incorporation of appropriate complicating effects or by using fundamentally different assumptions. The book includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter exercises and worked examples to help students in self-learning. The book is extremely useful for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students of aerospace engineering and mechanical engineering.

This book proposes the use of green infrastructure to balance biodiversity conservation and disaster management. Paddy fields are one example of such infrastructure and are the focus of this book. In Japan, abandoned, once-cultivated land is increasing in the paddy fields due to the aging of society and recent depopulation. The author proposes to consolidate such lands and create wetlands because the paddy fields hold water during heavy rains, which prevents floods and protects cities. This is essential, considering that extreme weather conditions have increased the risk of flood damage in Japan. Not only do such wetlands hold water during the flood season, they also provide habitats for aquatic life and places for children to learn about the natural environment. In addition, fish farming in the wetlands will provide food for many people. The increase in water disasters associated with global warming is occurring not only in Japan but globally. The proposal presented in this book willhelp government officials around the world, especially those involved in urban and rural planning, to consider disaster management-an idea that will be welcomed by both engineers and biologists.

This book is part of a six-volume series on Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience. The series aims to fill in gaps in theory and practice in the Sendai Framework, providing additional resources, methodologies, and communication strategies to enhance the plan for action and targets proposed by the Sendai Framework. The series will appeal to a broad range of researchers, academics, students, policy makers, and practitioners in engineering, environmental science and geography, geoscience, emergency management, finance, community adaptation, atmospheric science, and information technology.This volume focuses on the concepts of economic and development vulnerability, discussing the roles of physical, social, cultural, political, economic, technological, and development factors that contribute to disaster impacts and threat levels on vulnerable populations. This approach explores how the resilience of individuals and communities can be increased in the face offuture hazard threats, and how post-disaster efforts are planned for and implemented to manage risk reduction and the potential outcomes of hazard threats. Topics addressed in the boom include disaster recovery reform and resilience, recovery, and development programs, place-based reconstruction policies, resilient and sustainable disaster relief, and recovery programs, sustainable community development, and disaster recovery and post-hazard recovery strategies.

The Bay of Bengal is prone to tropical cyclones and storm surges as a result of its location, and many of the mostly poor people living along the coastal regions of South Asia lose their lives almost every year. These disasters have been particularly devastating and have caused serious damage. During the past five decades, the low-lying coastal and offshore islands have experienced a tragic history of 50 severe cyclones and storm surges, with more than one million victims dead or missing. People accepted and waited for the next disaster as they had no alternatives. Members of the poor families who survived the disasters experienced hard times recovering from damage and the loss of their loved ones. After disasters, epidemic diseases arise in the affected areas. Many of the people in distress are also deprived of public services. Providing all sorts of assistance and emergency health preparedness are most essential to overcome such a situation. The causes of these huge casualties have been mainly: (1) the high population density of costal settlements, (2) inadequate cyclone shelters in the disaster risk areas, (3) lack of awareness of the disaster risk by the vulnerable population, (4) deterministic attitudes of people who accept disasters as "fate", (5) houses that are weakly constructed and (6) underdeveloped central awareness programmes and weather forecast systems. This book is based on an empirical study presenting a timeline analysis of major cyclones and their impacts and consequent losses through the super-cyclones in the disaster-prone coastal regions of India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. This study also investigates resilience mechanisms based on early warning systems, technology applications including GIS and remote sensing, best practices, success stories and case studies that can be used for effective cyclone management and development of a resilience mechanism among coastal communities.

This volume presents select papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. The papers discuss advances in the fields of earthquake engineering connected with structures. Some of the themes include soil structure interaction, dynamic analysis, underground structures, vibration isolation, seismic response of buildings etc. A strong emphasis is placed on connecting academic research and field practice, with many examples, case studies, and best practices. This volume will be of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.

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The Handbook introduces, contextualises, critiques, and discusses a range of perspectives associated with the concept of the circular economy. These perspectives span an array of subjects including economics, environmental policymaking, sociology, environmental science, environmental and industrial engineering, management, international development, and human geography. A fundamental underpinning of the Handbook is that it takes account of a wide range of sectors, as well as geographical perspectives that incorporate both a Global North and Global South world context. This approach is crucial because it is only within such a holistic perspective that the circular economy concept can truly be examined. In addition, these issues are examined both from a theoretical as well as a practical perspective, using real-world case studies for illustration. Given its wide subject, sectoral, and geographical areas of focus, the Handbook should be of value not only for those undertaking research in the field of circular economy, but also stakeholders involved in policymaking, as well as decision-making on the front line.

This book presents an overview of volcanic debris avalanche deposits, which are produced by partial volcanic edifice collapse, a catastrophic natural phenomenon. It has been 40 years since the volcanic debris avalanche associated with the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, and our understanding of these events has grown considerably in the interim. Drawing on these advances, the book addresses all aspects of volcanic debris avalanches. Though previously overlooked in field-based geological and volcanological studies, these deposits are now known to be associated with most volcanoes and volcanic areas around the world. The book presents state-of-the-art ideas on the triggering and emplacement mechanisms of these events, supported by field and analogue studies, as well as new simulations tools and models used to determine their physical characteristic and hazards.