Cognitive Psychology

This book offers a comprehensive study of the views of ancient philosophers on mental disorders. Relying on the original Greek and Latin textual sources, the author describes and analyses how the ancient philosophers explained mental illness and its symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, strange fears and inappropriate moods and how they accounted for the respective roles of body and mind in such disorders. Also considered are ethical questions relating to mental illness, approaches to treatment and the position of mentally ill people in societies of the times.The volume opens with a historical overview that examines ancient medical accounts of mental illness, from Hippocrates' famous Sacred Disease to late antiquity medical authors. Separate chapters interpret in detail the writings of Plato, Aristotle, Galen and the Stoics and a final chapter summarises the views of various strains of Scepticism, the Epicurean school and the Middle and Neo-Platonists.Offering an important and useful contribution to the study of ancient philosophy, psychology and medicine. This volume sheds new light on the history of mental illness and presents a new angle on ancient philosophical psychology.

Carta (questo volume), matita, gomma da cancellare, come optional un righello, e... buon divertimento. Questo volume invece ha lo scopo di stimolare le varie funzioni cerebrali (memoria, linguaggio, calcolo, ragionamento/astrazione) attraverso un manuale di esercizi proposti perlopiù in forma di giochi, ed è rivolto a persone anziane con problemi di memoria. Da alcuni decenni è noto che interventi di stimolazione cognitiva nell'anziano normale sono in grado di produrre effetti positivi anche a lungo nel tempo dopo l'intervento specifico. Più recente è invece l'evidenza che anche nelle persone affette da malattia di Alzheimer, per antonomasia il "nemico" delle nostre memorie, interventi di riabilitazione cognitiva hanno un ruolo terapeutico benefico. Das Urheberrecht an bibliographischen und produktbeschreibenden Daten und an den bereitgestellten Bildern liegt bei Informazioni Editoriali, I.E. S.r.l., oder beim Herausgeber oder demjenigen, der die Genehmigung erteilt hat. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Intentionality Deconstructed argues for the view that no concrete entity - mental, linguistic, or any other - can possess intentional content. Nothing can be about anything. The concept of intentionality is flawed, and so content ascriptions cannot be "absolutely" true or false - they lack truth conditions. Nonetheless, content ascriptions have truth conditions and can be true (or possess a related epistemic merit) relative to practices of content ascription, so that different practices may imply different (not real but practice-dependent) intentional objects for the same token mental state. The suggested view does not deny the existence of those mental states standardly considered intentional, notably the so-called propositional attitudes; it affirms it. That is, support is provided for the existence of those states with the properties usually attributed to them, but absent intentional properties. Specifically, it is argued that the so-called propositional attitudes possess logico-syntactic properties, whose postulation plays an important role in addressing the challenge of reconciling intentional anti-realism with beliefs being true or having alternative epistemic merits, the argument from the predictive and explanatory success of content ascription for intentional realism, and the cognitive suicide objection to views that deny intentionality. As part of the rejection of this final objection, intentional anti-realism is presented as a radical view, which claims "Nothing can possess intentional content" but not that nothing can possess intentional content, and it is argued that this is a legitimate characteristic of radical philosophy. In spite of rejecting the "claim that" talk, intentional anti-realism gives clear sense to its dispute with its rivals as well as to its own superiority. Various arguments for intentional anti-realism are presented. One argument rejects all possible accounts of intentionality, namely primitivism, intrinsic reductionism - the prominent example of which is the phenomenal intentionality thesis - and extrinsic reductionism (that is, reductive naturalistic accounts). According to another argument, since intentional properties are shown to be dispensable for all possibly relevant purposes, and no sound arguments support the claim that they ever are instantiated, the application of Ockham's razor shows that no such properties ever are instantiated, and another step shows that neither can they be.

This book investigates the potential of combining the more quantitative - data-driven techniques with the more qualitative - theory-driven approaches towards the design of user-centred intelligent systems. It seeks to explore the potential of incorporating factors grounded in psychological theory into adaptive/intelligent routines, mechanisms, technologies and innovations. It highlights models, methods and tools that are emerging from their convergence along with challenges and lessons learned. Special emphasis is placed on promoting original insights and paradigms with respect to latest technologies, current research trends, and innovation directions, e.g., incorporating variables derived from psychological theory and individual differences in adaptive intelligent systems so as to increase explainability, fairness, and transparency, and decrease bias during interactions while the control remains with the user.

This monograph is an extension of the earlier monographs dealing with the application of the new modified involuted manifold model. This monograph has two objectives. Firstly, it seeks to integrate neuronal organization with cognitive functionalities. Secondly, it tries to formalize a structural template of cognitive functionalities. It is based on the postulate that cognitive functionalities are essentially natural phenomena and therefore amenable to formal naturalistic description. Therefore, it employs a topological model of spacetime proposed earlier to define a new framework wherein neuronal networks occupy the four-dimensional configurations of spacetime, and cognitive functionalities occupy higher dimensional configurations of spacetime. Using the Darwinian conception of natural selection, the monograph outlines a model of natural selection operating at more than one level. Thus, natural selection at the four-dimensional configurations of spacetime leads to structural agnosticism so prevalent in neuronal organization. At the same time, natural selection at the higher dimensional configurations of spacetime leads to natural selection of cognitive functionalities. Since the proposed model offers a new computational paradigm formalized in another monograph, this monograph provides a new way to formalize cognitive computations.

Memory disorders in everyday life impair the quality of life of those affected and also have an impact on the therapeutic approach. Knowledge of the diagnosis, therapy and compensation of memory disorders of various causes significantly improves the therapeutic options. Volker Völzke imparts in this essential practice-related basic knowledge: What diagnostics and what tools are available and what do memory deficits mean for therapy and counselling? Can psychotherapy with people with memory disorders be carried out successfully at all? How can people who care for patients with memory disorders be given qualified support and advice?

This book brings together the insights from three different areas, Information Seeking and Retrieval, Cognitive Psychology, and Behavioral Economics, and shows how this new interdisciplinary approach can advance our knowledge about users interacting with diverse search systems, especially their seemingly irrational decisions and anomalies that could not be predicted by most normative models.The first part "Foundation" of this book introduces the general notions and fundamentals of this new approach, as well as the main concepts, terminology and theories. The second part "Beyond Rational Agents" describes the systematic biases and cognitive limits confirmed by behavioral experiments of varying types and explains in detail how they contradict the assumptions and predictions of formal models in information retrieval (IR). The third part "Toward A Behavioral Economics Approach" first synthesizes the findings from existing preliminaryresearch on bounded rationality and behavioral economics modeling in information seeking, retrieval, and recommender system communities. Then, it discusses the implications, open questions and methodological challenges of applying the behavioral economics framework to different sub-areas of IR research and practices, such as modeling users and search sessions, developing unbiased learning to rank and adaptive recommendations algorithms, implementing bias-aware intelligent task support, as well as extending the conceptualization and evaluation on IR fairness, accountability, transparency and ethics (FATE) with the knowledge regarding both human biases and algorithmic biases.This book introduces a behavioral economics framework to IR scientists seeking a new perspective on both fundamental and new emerging problems of IR as well as the development and evaluation of bias-aware intelligent information systems. It is especially intended for researchers working on IR and human-information interaction who want to learn about the potential offered by behavioral economics in their own research areas.

This book shows how behavior analysis can be applied to teaching reading and writing to primary school students and to special populations, such as children with intellectual and hearing disabilities and illiterate adults. Originally published in Portuguese, this contributed volume is now translated into English and presents for the first time to international researchers and students a comprehensive overview of a research program developed for more than three decades in Brazil which gave birth to a unique teaching program based on the concept of stimulus equivalence: the Learning to Read and Write in Small Steps. The book is divided into four parts. The first part presents the theoretical framework and the historical context in which the teaching program was developed by the group led by Drs. Julio Cesar de Rose and Deisy das Graças de Souza, currently organized in the National Institute of Science and Technology on Behavior, Cognition, and Learning (INCT/ECCE). The second part describes the modules that make up the Learning to Read and Write in Small Steps teaching program. The third part presents results of empirical research conducted with children with intellectual and hearing disabilities and illiterate adults. Finally, the fourth part presents contributions from other areas of knowledge - such as speech therapy, linguistics, and education - to the understanding of reading and writing and possible dialogues between them and behavior analysis.Contributions of Behavior Analysis to Reading and Writing Comprehension will be of interest to researchers and students in the fields of psychology and education interested in the application of behavior analysis to teaching and learning processes. It will also be a valuable resource for professionals directly working in educational institutions, such as elementary school teachers and psycho-pedagogues. The translation of the original manuscript in Portuguese was done with the help of artificial intelligence. The present version has been revised technically and linguistically by the authors in collaboration with a professional translator.

This book fills the long-pending gap in consolidating research on applied cognitive science and technology. It explores the broader implications of interactions between human cognition and technology by touching upon artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial agents, decision support and assistance support systems, cybersecurity threats, computational modeling of cognition through artificial neural networks and machine learning, human factors, engineering design, and social media interfaces. With an interdisciplinary scope that addresses psychological and technological issues, this unique book shows how cognitive science is furthered by technology(or platforms) while simultaneously illustrating how the study of cognitive processes is helping shape technological products. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in a broad array of fields, such as psychology, science, engineering and management.

This book presents a thorough and up-to-date review of the scientific literature on behavioural synchronization and its underlying neurocognitive and neurophysiological processes, from the neuronal to the interindividual and group scale. This multi-disciplinary and multi-scale approach makes this book of interest to scientists and graduate students for both theoretical issues as well practical issues such as mobilizing animals and humans for group / mass actions (e.g. for climate change, diabetes, leading animals, etc.).

Paperback

Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Aussage forschte und lehrte Karl König sein ganzes Leben lang über die Sinne. Seine Darstellungen umfassen die große Perspektive des Menschseins, sind aber zugleich praxisnah und somit für alle Bereiche unterschiedlicher Lebens- und Arbeitsfelder fruchtbar. In 2 Bänden erscheinen diese 'Klassiker' nun mit bisher unveröffentlichtem Material aus dem Karl König Archiv sowie weiteren ergänzenden Beiträgen von Prof. Dr. Peter F. Matthiessen und anderen. Band 1 behandelt die Einheit des Sinneswesens - Band 2 betrachtet alle zwölf Sinne im Einzelnen.

This book presents the proceedings of the NeuroIS Retreat 2022, June 14-16, Vienna, Austria, reporting on topics at the intersection of information systems (IS) research, neurophysiology and the brain sciences. Readers will discover the latest findings from top scholars in the field of NeuroIS, which offer detailed insights on the neurobiology underlying IS behavior, essential methods and tools and their applications for IS, as well as the application of neuroscience and neurophysiological theories to advance IS theory.

HC gerader Rücken kaschiert