Immunology

The book covers all aspects of immune-mediated diseases of the muscle and nerve, which are a group of complex diseases, whose diagnosis needs a team of specialists in the field of neuropathology, immunopathology, neurology, and rheumatology. Nerve and muscle biopsy evaluation is invaluable in distinguishing immune-mediated from etiologies and therefore, despite being invasive, pathological evaluation of nerve and muscle has stood the test of time. Chapters cover all the essential aspects of each disease entity viz. the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic armamentarium, and guidelines for diagnosis and management. It is supplemented with full-colorful illustrations and photomicrographs for better comprehension. It includes a chapter highlighting the current progress in the field of immune-mediated myopathies and neuropathies as it is a rapidly evolving field with the addition of many new entities.This clinically oriented book serves as a primer for general histopathologists as well as a practice guide for neuropathologists. It is also relevant for neurologists and rheumatologists and encourages young medical students, residents, and research scholars in the field of neuropathology, neurology, and rheumatology to get involved in active research.

This volume contains up-to-date contributions written by leading experts in the role played by various microorganisms in psychiatric and neurological illness. The initial chapters present an evolutionary framework for the impact of microorganisms on behavior. This is followed by historical and epidemiological perspectives of the role of viruses in psychiatric illness. Subsequent chapters focus on different classes of microorganisms and psychiatric illnesses and emphasize diverse research approaches ranging from preclinical models to therapeutic interventions.

This book is a collection of comprehensive and latest information on all aspects of vaccination in fish and shellfish. It provides the basic understanding about the immune system of both fish and crustaceans, besides giving the latest information on adjuvants, vaccine delivery methods, adverse effects of vaccines and methods to assess the efficacy of vaccines. Separate chapters on the role of pattern recognition receptors and interferons in fish vaccination, biofilm vaccines and biosafety and regulatory requirements for fish vaccines are also included. Aquaculture, being the fastest growing food producing industry in the world, is looked upon for alleviating the malnutrition especially among the under privileged population. However, intensive aquaculture practices have led to increased incidences of diseases and significant production losses. Among various health management measures employed in aquaculture, vaccination has been proven to be the best approach to protect fish against pathogens. It is considered to be safe and is a key factor for sustainable aquaculture. In this background, apart from the basic understanding of fish and shellfish immune system, updated knowledge on various types of vaccines and the vaccination strategies currently employed in aquaculture are also covered. The book is designed to provide the latest and comprehensive knowledge on all these aspects as a compiled resource material which is useful to students, researchers and other professionals in the field of aquaculture.

Nach dem Millionenbestseller "Darm mit Charme": Faszinierende Antworten aus dem Innersten unseres KörpersManchmal braucht es den Blick nach innen, um das Leben draußen besser zu verstehen.Tief in unserem Inneren wirken Kräfte, die uns Tag für Tag schützen, heilen und am Leben halten - meist, ohne dass wir es bemerken.Giulia Enders nimmt uns mit auf eine faszinierende Reise zu den unsichtbaren Helden unseres Körpers. Sie zeigt, wie unser Innerstes mit erstaunlicher Intelligenz auf Herausforderungen reagiert und uns immer wieder neue Wege aufzeigt.Mit anschaulichen Geschichten und neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen öffnet dieses Buch nicht nur die Augen für die Wunder in uns, sondern inspiriert dazu, dem eigenen Körper mit mehr Achtsamkeit und Vertrauen zu begegnen. Organisch ist ein leidenschaftliches Plädoyer dafür, das Leben von innen heraus zu verstehen - und zu lieben.Mit wissenschaftlicher Präzision und erzählerischem Charme öffnet dieses Buch Türen zu einer Welt, die uns täglich begleitet - und doch voller Geheimnisse steckt.

Do you know your medicines might make you ill?This book tells how you can reduce your dependence on medicines. The sooner you adopt, the healthier you live. Go disease-free!Over the years, we have been repeating the same eating mistakes that our parents made. This is the reason why the prevalence of diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, and arthritis is increasing in the population over time.In Eat to Prevent and Control Disease, research scientist and registered pharmacist La Fonceur will tell you how foods that work with the same mechanism as medicines can naturally prevent and control disease. How can you build your body in such a way that you do not need medications even in your 40s, 50s, 60s, or 70s? How can you prevent disease even if you have a family history of that disease? How can you control chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, and many others?With a better understanding of the disease, you can control it yourself. When you follow the advice and preventive measures given in the book, If you do not have any disease, then in the future also you will not have any disease. If you are already suffering from a disease, you can control it without medicines. If your disease is chronic and you are dependent on medicines, then you can reduce the dose of your medications as well as their side effects.

This comprehensive and updated book focuses on breastfeeding and its long-term effects which affect health and development, providing a protective metabolic programming against chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension.All recent developments of programming effects of breastfeeding are covered in chapters that provide fundamental knowledge besides update and sophisticated information on the subject. Special focus on: Metabolic programming Neuro-developmental Programming InfectionsThis book will benefit neonatologists, pediatricians, GPs, obstetricians, endocrinologists and all health professionals interested in this quite new and developing topic. Residents and student will appreciate the contents coverage and clarity.

This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.

The societal consequences of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are severe. They include declining health outcomes from longer illnesses, prolonged stays in hospital, loss of protection for patients undergoing medical procedures, increased health care expenditure, and increased mortality. They also include declining global food security as AMR damages farm animal health and crop yields. Despite AMR being a transboundary crisis, concerted global initiatives that effectively combat AMR have been few and far between.Steering Against Superbugs analyses ways to reduce barriers and create opportunities for coordination. The expert contributions in this volume offer specific and original insights about what global governance of AMR means, and ways to help solve AMR issues. They show that effective governance relies crucially on pursuing local level implementation of key policies, and equitable recognition of solutions across multiple sectors within countries, and across the Global North and South. With the COVID-19 pandemic, societies across the world have been reminded of the devastating consequences of not being able to effectively counter global health threats. AMR is arguably one of the most severe long-term threats to human, animal, and environmental health. There is momentum for global political action around novel and emerging disease threats and Steering Against Superbugs contributes with original and insightful research to inform ongoing and future debates.

This is the life-saving handbook of simple home remedies everyone should be aware of in light of COVID-19. Many people have died or are suffering long-term health challenges because they didn't have this information.<BR>Starting with the most impactful, this book takes readers step-by-step through an easy-to-read list of DIY remedies that should be ready to go in every home. Many of these immune-boosting strategies are the same ones that helped some sanitariums to keep mortality rates at just over 1% during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918. This track record was especially remarkable considering that most general hospitals suffered mortality rates of closer to 30-40% during that tragic time.<BR>This book is not about vaccinations, masks, supplements, social distancing, or quarantines. Rather, it focuses on the key strategies that, when implemented, will do much to build our personal immune systems. While there are no guarantees in this life, it is up to each of us to do all that we can to bolster our own defenses. In that way, we can be best prepared to fend off future viruses and pathogens that might come our way, bringing them to a speedy and powerful halt.

This volume provides a comprehensive review of programmed cell death pathways and their fundamental role in antiviral host defense. The book deep-dives into the molecular functions and regulation of necroptosis and discusses how viruses induce and manipulate this potent innate cellular sensing system.Initially, understanding of necroptosis emerged from studies on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling that showed the key role of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) which then phosphorylates mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) to execute cells via plasma membrane leakage of cytosolic contents. Since its discovery, multiple facets of the RIPK3-dependent necroptotic machinery have evolved where the requirements for execution of death varies depending on the stimulus.Virus-induced necroptosis was discovered over 10 years ago in studies on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)where a virus-encoded inhibitor was shown to prevent the recruitment of RIPK3 (RIP3). This transformative evidence identified a novel pathway acting independent of TNF, interferon or RIPK1 that can stop virus from infecting its natural mouse host by killing off infected cells to halt replication. Over the past decade influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and poxvirus vaccinia (VACV) have all been shown to trigger the pathway. Herpesviruses and poxviruses also encode inhibitors of caspase-8 whose elaboration unleashes the necroptosis pathway. IAV and other RNA viruses do not encode programmed cell death inhibitors. RIPK3 is also known to induce apoptosis by recruiting RIPK1 as shown nearly a decade ago and this dual apoptosis/necroptosis induction occurs naturally during influenza A virus infection. RIPK3 is also able to induce an inflammatory response independently of programmed cell death that can predominate to drive inflammatory disease outcomes. This volume is a must-read for researchers and advanced students in immunology and virology.

The core of this three-volume book deals with damage-associated molecular patterns abbreviated "DAMPs", which are unique molecules that save life and fight for survival of all organisms on this planet by triggering robust inflammatory/immune defense responses upon any injury, including those caused by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. However, these molecules also have a dark side: when produced in excess upon severe insults, they can trigger serious human diseases.The three volumes present current understanding of the importance of DAMP-promoted immune responses in the etiopathogenesis of human diseases and explore how this understanding is impacting diagnosis, prognosis, and future treatment. This third volume addresses the potential of DAMPs in clinical practice, as therapeutic targets and therapeutics, by focusing on a description of antigen-related diseases, which are pathogenetically dominated by DAMPs, that is, infectious and autoimmune disorders and allograftrejection (as an undesired function of these molecules), as well as tumor rejection (as the desired function of these molecules).The book is written for professionals from all medical and paramedical disciplines who are interested in the introduction of innovative data from modern inflammation and immunity research into clinical practice. In this sense, the book reflects an approach to translational medicine. The readership will include all practitioners and clinicians, in particular, ICU clinicians, infectiologists, microbiologists, virologists, hematologists, rheumatologists, diabetologists, neurologists, transplantologists, oncologists, and pharmacists.Also available: Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases - Vol. 1: Injury-Induced Innate Immune Responses; Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases - Vol. 2: Danger Signals as Diagnostics, Prognostics, and Therapeutic Targets.

This autobiography chronicles the life and career of Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, an internationally renowned professor of medicine and prolific researcher on Sjögren¿s syndrome and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In language that is simple and direct, he takes us on a fascinating journey from the days of his first scientific awakenings at a hospital in his native town of Ioannina, Greece, through his university years in Athens and training in the U.S., to his eventual return to his homeland. In Greece, he developed two centers of excellence in his field, first at the newly founded University of Ioannina Medical School Department of Internal Medicine and, second, at the Athens University Medical School, Department of Pathophysiology, where he taught until his retirement in 2011. Along the way, he introduces us to his teachers and mentors, and to the colleagues and students he mentored in turn, many of whom went on to assume high-ranking positions in Greece and abroad. A major theme throughout the book is his impassioned struggle for excellence, meritocracy, and transparency in universities and in the National Health System in Greece. Peppered with both amusing and unsettling incidents from this lifelong crusade to raise professional standards and against misconduct, the book is a must-read for anyone interested in learning about or entering the medical profession.

This book offers a summary and discussion of the advances of inflammation and infection in various cancers. The authors cover the classically known virus infections in cancer, novel roles of other pathogens (e.g. bacteria and fungi), as well as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy. Further, the chapters highlight the progress of immune therapy, stem cells and the role of the microbiome in the pathophysiology of cancers.Readers will gain insights into complex microbial communities, that inhabit most external human surfaces and play a key role in health and disease. Perturbations of host-microbe interactions often lead to altered host responses that can promote cancer development. Thus, this book highlights emerging roles of the microbiome in pathogenesis of cancers and outcome of therapy. The focus is on mechanistic concepts that underlie the complex relationships between host and microbes. Approaches that can inhibit infection, suppress chronic inflammation and reverse the dysbiosis are discussed, as a means for restoring the balance between host and microbes.This comprehensive work will be beneficial to researchers and students interested in infectious diseases, microbiome, and cancer as well as clinicians and general physiologists.

This book provides an essential overview of the role of phosphoinositide-3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) isoforms in modulating the function of immune system cells and their involvement in disease.PI3K is a family of kinases involved in basic cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and cell death. Recent work has highlighted the multiple roles of PI3K classes and subunits and their involvement in the immune response to the body's own and foreign antigens and diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. This book offers a detailed introduction to the biology of the three PI3K classes, followed by an extensive discussion of the diverse roles of AKT and PI3K isoforms in immune cells. Based on this knowledge, it subsequently explains in more detail how specific isoforms are connected to immune-mediated diseases. The book concludes by highlighting the latest advances in the production of isoform-specific inhibitors and their use in various human diseases.This book is intended as a reference guide for students and researchers interested in the multifaceted aspects of PI3K biology.

This reprint combines recent original manuscripts and reviews covering the multiple functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in physiology and pathophysiology. Potential applications and limitations of PPAR agonists and antagonists are discussed. All original contributions were published in Cells.

Animal Models for the Development of Cancer Immunotherapy Provides readers with a clear understanding of the value and challenges of using common and emerging preclinical models in cancer immunotherapy research and development. Animal models are essential tools for studying a range of issues in preclinical and clinical research on therapies targeting cancerous tumors. As clinical trials of advances in cancer immunotherapy are predicted to outpace preclinical research in the near future, there remains an urgent need to develop better animal models for preclinical evaluation of novel modulators. Animal Models for the Development of Cancer Immunotherapy provides a detailed overview of different preclinical model systems for development of novel cancer immunotherapies while highlighting how key aspects of individual models translate into clinical findings. Covering the introduction, development, and therapeutic applications of animal models for cancer immunotherapy, this comprehensive volume helps pharmacologists identify suitable animal models, design pharmacological or translational studies, and advance their mechanistic understanding of therapeutic agents, and increase the possibility of success for novel immunotherapies in clinical settings. Chapters written by prominent leaders in the field address specific models that evaluate immuno-oncology drugs are supported by in-depth case studies and extensive references throughout. - Emphasizes the importance of modeling tumor metastasis in preclinical models for efficient translation of findings into the clinic - Explores recently discovered mechanisms of resistance and their preclinical modeling - Highlights the unique characteristics and features of autologous and allogeneic approaches for humanization of mouse models - Reviews development of bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) immune humanized mice and emerging alternative models such as genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) - Discusses alternative animal models for cancer research such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) pigs Animal Models for the Development of Cancer Immunotherapy is an essential resource for scientists and researchers in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, medicinal chemists and biochemists, cell and molecular biologists, pharmacologists, immunologists, and clinicians.

This volume summarizes recent advances in research on mesenchymal cell populations in the bone marrow. It explores how mesenchymal cells create niches for immune cells in extramedullary organs and it discusses new concepts of lympho-hematopoietic microenvironments. Readers are introduced to the fundamentals of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation to all types of blood cells, including immune cells, in the bone marrow. The book highlights how this process is supported and regulated by the individual microenvironments of stem cells, termed niches.The identity of HSC niches has been subject to longstanding debates. Recent studies identified the population of mesenchymal stem cells as the major cellular component of niches, for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their candidate developmental origin. Furthermore, candidate cellular niches for immune cells in lymph nodes and adipose and connective tissues were identified. The authors of this volumefocus on shared features between those and HSPC niche cells in the bone marrow. Covering latest research results, this book serves as fascinating read for researchers and clinicians in hematology and immunology.

1.Extracellular Vesicle-associated Moonlighting Proteins: HSP and Metalloproteinases.- 2.Heat Shock Proteins and Periodontitis - Crossreaction between Bacterial and Human HSP in Periodontal Infection Linking with Cardiovascular Diseases.- 3.Protective Role of Heat Shock Proteins during Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease.- 4.HSP Stimulation on Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Activates Innate Immune System.- 5.Heat Shock Factor 1 and its Small Molecule Modulators with Therapeutic Potential.- 6.Heat Shock Proteins, a Key Modulator of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.- 7.Role of Heat Shock Factor 1 in HIV.- 8.Heat Shock Protein and Cancer Based Therapies.- 9.Effects of Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa in Allergic Airway Inflammation.- 10.Role of Heat Shock Factor 1 in Neural Development and Disorders.- 11.Small Heat Shock Proteins in Inflammatory Diseases.- 12.Overview of Multifaceted Role and Significance of Heat Shock Proteins during Inflammation, Apoptosis and Other Diseases.- 13.Heat Shock Proteins as Target Autoantigens in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.- 14.DNAJA3, a Co-chaperone in Development and Tumorigenesis.- 15.Therapeutic Potential of Heat Shock Proteins in Human Inflammation/Autoimmune Skin Diseases: Future Directions.- 16.Role of HSP in the Pathogenesis of Age-related Inflammatory Diseases.- 17.Heat Shock Factor Network in Kidney Diseases.- 18.Binary Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Detailed Perspective.- 19.The role of heat shock proteins in reproductive functions.- 20.Heat shock proteins 70 in cellular stress: fight or flight.- 21.Indispensable role of protein turnover in autophagy, apoptosis and ubiquitination pathways.- 22.Heat Shock Proteins in Leishmania Parasites.- 23.HSF1 in RNA Polymerase II Promoter-Proximal Pausing and HSP70 Transcription.- 24.Induction of HSPA1A and Autophagy by SARS-CoV-2: Combined Potential Influence on Pregnancy Outcome.

This book discusses the potential roles of miRNA as a crucial regulator in cancer biology. It examines the regulation of drug resistance by miRNAs in cancers and the mechanism of their deregulated expression. The book discusses the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA in regulating cellular proliferation and cell cycle. It analyses circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. It also analyzes the role of miRNA as a modulator of the development and function of tumor-associated immune cells. It explores the cross-talk between miRNA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis, cancer therapeutic tolerance, and resistance. It provides insights into the role of miRNA in cancer angiogenesis, metastasis and describes strategies and associated challenges of miRNA-based therapies.