Diseases & Disorders

The book covers all aspects of immune-mediated diseases of the muscle and nerve, which are a group of complex diseases, whose diagnosis needs a team of specialists in the field of neuropathology, immunopathology, neurology, and rheumatology. Nerve and muscle biopsy evaluation is invaluable in distinguishing immune-mediated from etiologies and therefore, despite being invasive, pathological evaluation of nerve and muscle has stood the test of time. Chapters cover all the essential aspects of each disease entity viz. the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic armamentarium, and guidelines for diagnosis and management. It is supplemented with full-colorful illustrations and photomicrographs for better comprehension. It includes a chapter highlighting the current progress in the field of immune-mediated myopathies and neuropathies as it is a rapidly evolving field with the addition of many new entities.This clinically oriented book serves as a primer for general histopathologists as well as a practice guide for neuropathologists. It is also relevant for neurologists and rheumatologists and encourages young medical students, residents, and research scholars in the field of neuropathology, neurology, and rheumatology to get involved in active research.

This volume contains up-to-date contributions written by leading experts in the role played by various microorganisms in psychiatric and neurological illness. The initial chapters present an evolutionary framework for the impact of microorganisms on behavior. This is followed by historical and epidemiological perspectives of the role of viruses in psychiatric illness. Subsequent chapters focus on different classes of microorganisms and psychiatric illnesses and emphasize diverse research approaches ranging from preclinical models to therapeutic interventions.

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in most, if not all, countries around the globe. It is worth noting that the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2019 estimated that cancer is the primary or secondary leading cause of death in 112 of 183 countries for individuals less than 70 years old, which is alarming. In addition, cancer affects socioeconomic development as well. The diagnostics of cancer are often carried out by medical experts through medical imaging; nevertheless, it is not without misdiagnosis owing to a myriad of reasons. With the advancement of technology and computing power, the use of state-of-the-art computational methods for the accurate diagnosis of cancer is no longer far-fetched. In this brief, the diagnosis of four types of common cancers, i.e., breast, lung, oral and skin, are evaluated with different state-of-the-art feature-based transfer learning models. It is expected that the findings in this book are insightful to various stakeholders in the diagnosis of cancer.¿

This book is a collection of comprehensive and latest information on all aspects of vaccination in fish and shellfish. It provides the basic understanding about the immune system of both fish and crustaceans, besides giving the latest information on adjuvants, vaccine delivery methods, adverse effects of vaccines and methods to assess the efficacy of vaccines. Separate chapters on the role of pattern recognition receptors and interferons in fish vaccination, biofilm vaccines and biosafety and regulatory requirements for fish vaccines are also included. Aquaculture, being the fastest growing food producing industry in the world, is looked upon for alleviating the malnutrition especially among the under privileged population. However, intensive aquaculture practices have led to increased incidences of diseases and significant production losses. Among various health management measures employed in aquaculture, vaccination has been proven to be the best approach to protect fish against pathogens. It is considered to be safe and is a key factor for sustainable aquaculture. In this background, apart from the basic understanding of fish and shellfish immune system, updated knowledge on various types of vaccines and the vaccination strategies currently employed in aquaculture are also covered. The book is designed to provide the latest and comprehensive knowledge on all these aspects as a compiled resource material which is useful to students, researchers and other professionals in the field of aquaculture.

This book presents the applications of systems biology and synthetic biology in cancer medicine. It highlights the use of computational and mathematical models to decipher the complexity of cancer heterogeneity. The book emphasizes the modeling approaches for predicting behavior of cancer cells, tissues in context of drug response, and angiogenesis. It introduces cell-based therapies for the treatment of various cancers and reviews the role of neural networks for drug response prediction. Further, it examines the system biology approaches for the identification of medicinal plants in cancer drug discovery. It explores the opportunities for metabolic engineering in the realm of cancer research towards development of new cancer therapies based on metabolically derived targets. Lastly, it discusses the applications of data mining techniques in cancer research. This book is an excellent guide for oncologists and researchers who are involved in the latest cancer research.

Krebs ist ein Überlebenskünstler: Er verändert sich, er passt sich an, er wächst. Er ist uns biologisch so nahe, dass wir uns oft selbst zerstören, wenn wir ihn vernichten. Die Suche nach der 'Heilung' von Krebs hat sich allmählich zum Maßstab unseres medizinischen Fortschritts entwickelt. In seinem bahnbrechenden Buch erzählt der renommierte Onkologe Siddhartha Mukherjee die faszinierende Geschichte der Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Krebs. Wie haben wir ihn uns in der Vergangenheit vorgestellt? Was konnten wir ihm entgegensetzen? Wo stehen wir jetzt im Kampf gegen diese gefräßigste aller Krankheiten? Mukherjee zeigt, wie weit wir bei der Lösung eines der großen Rätsel der Wissenschaft gekommen sind, und gibt einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Fortschritte.¿ 

Nach dem Millionenbestseller "Darm mit Charme": Faszinierende Antworten aus dem Innersten unseres KörpersManchmal braucht es den Blick nach innen, um das Leben draußen besser zu verstehen.Tief in unserem Inneren wirken Kräfte, die uns Tag für Tag schützen, heilen und am Leben halten - meist, ohne dass wir es bemerken.Giulia Enders nimmt uns mit auf eine faszinierende Reise zu den unsichtbaren Helden unseres Körpers. Sie zeigt, wie unser Innerstes mit erstaunlicher Intelligenz auf Herausforderungen reagiert und uns immer wieder neue Wege aufzeigt.Mit anschaulichen Geschichten und neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen öffnet dieses Buch nicht nur die Augen für die Wunder in uns, sondern inspiriert dazu, dem eigenen Körper mit mehr Achtsamkeit und Vertrauen zu begegnen. Organisch ist ein leidenschaftliches Plädoyer dafür, das Leben von innen heraus zu verstehen - und zu lieben.Mit wissenschaftlicher Präzision und erzählerischem Charme öffnet dieses Buch Türen zu einer Welt, die uns täglich begleitet - und doch voller Geheimnisse steckt.

Renowned sociologist and best-selling author Eric Klinenberg turns a year of devastation into a year of revelation in this wise, deeply researched and cathartic account of the pandemic.'A gripping, deeply moving account' SIDDHARTHA MUKHERJEE, author of The Song of the CellWhat unites us? What divides us? What do we value? Sociologist Eric Klinenberg had been studying what crises reveal about societies for over two decades when his home of New York became the deadliest hot spot of the global pandemic. In this book he tells the deeply reported stories of seven ordinary people trying to survive at the epicentre of the crisis, and combines them with data gathered from around the world to provide unprecedented insights into what societies are made of, why they come together or fall apart, and how they shape our lives.'Compellingly reveals what the pandemic laid bare about our culture, our institutions, and ourselves' Matthew Desmond, author of Evicted'A book that's at once intimate and far-ranging, that reveals the importance of social solidarity and also its fragility' Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction

Although cancer survival has improved markedly in developed countries in recent decades, not all groups have benefited equally. In particular, Indigenous and Tribal peoples continue to have poorer cancer outcomes than their non-Indigenous counterparts. The available evidence suggests these disparities are linked to a complex combination of factors, including higher incidence of cancers associated with a high case fatality, later stage of diagnosis, reduced access to cancer treatment, and poorer overall health. Much research is underway to explore approaches to improving health system responses for Indigenous and Tribal peoples. A developing evidence base is supporting effective translation of knowledge into practice. This book offers a global perspective on this evidence base, written from Indigenous perspectives.This book is the first comprehensive publication to report on cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence, survival, and inequities for Indigenous and Tribal peoples globally, with the aim of enhancing global efforts to improve outcomes for these populations. Its content and approach are led by Indigenous researchers with international reputations in health and cancer research. Chapters provide important information and data to support Indigenous-specific, targeted cancer awareness and early detection campaigns. This book goes beyond a discussion of the issues and challenges in Indigenous health, with a strengths-based approach to discussing successful health interventions, research projects, research translation, and living well - both with and beyond cancer.This is an open access book.

Chapter 1: The Relational Component of Trust in Oncology.- Chapter 2: Fiduciary or not? Healthcare Systems and Oncology.- Chapter 3: Medical Oversight and Public Trust of Medicine: Breaches of Trust.- Chapter 4: The First Encounter with Oncology: Patient Experience and Requisite Trust.- Chapter 5: The role of trust in oncology across populations and cultures: implications for health inequities and social justice.- Chapter 6: Patients on the Internet: The Information Age and Trust in Medicine, Conspiracies, and Proliferation of False Information.- Chapter 7: Patients and Trust: The Impact of Advocacy to Advance Patient-Centered Care.- Chapter 8: Trust and the Role of Attachment: implications for oncology.- Chapter 9: Patient Trust through the Lens of Integrative Oncology.- Chapter 10: Building Trust and Future Directions.

This comprehensive and updated book focuses on breastfeeding and its long-term effects which affect health and development, providing a protective metabolic programming against chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension.All recent developments of programming effects of breastfeeding are covered in chapters that provide fundamental knowledge besides update and sophisticated information on the subject. Special focus on: Metabolic programming Neuro-developmental Programming InfectionsThis book will benefit neonatologists, pediatricians, GPs, obstetricians, endocrinologists and all health professionals interested in this quite new and developing topic. Residents and student will appreciate the contents coverage and clarity.

This textbook describes the most relevant molecular and biological processes in cancer, how they contribute to the development and progression of individual cancer types in humans, and how insights from molecular cancer research can be applied to improve cancer prevention, diagnostics and treatment. Part I of the textbook summarizes the current fundamental knowledge on the general properties of cancers, the causes of cancer, cancer genetics, genomics and epigenetics. Individual chapters address the functions of DNA damage and repair, oncogenes and tumor suppressors in carcinogenesis and discuss crucial mechanisms in cancer pathogenesis, such as apoptosis and replicative senescence, as well as the most relevant signal transduction pathways and regulatory networks. Part I concludes with a chapter on tumor invasion and metastasis and tumor immunology. In Part II, the most relevant mechanisms acting in individual human cancers (and subtypes) are described in more detail. This central part of the book contains individual sections on the most common human cancers highlighting the diversity in their genetic, molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms. How insights from molecular cancer research are translated into improvements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is outlined in Part III. This new edition has been extensively revised and includes in particular updated information on cancer genomics, epigenetics, viral carcinogenesis, cancer diagnostics and cancer therapy and a new chapter on lung cancers.Now more than ever, cancer research is an interdisciplinary endeavor that requires a basic knowledge of commonly used terms, facts and concepts. The aim of this book is to provide advanced students and practitioners in various disciplines with this foundation, bridging the gap between standard textbooks of molecular biology, pathology and oncology on the one hand and the specialized cancer literature on the other.

This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.

This is the life-saving handbook of simple home remedies everyone should be aware of in light of COVID-19. Many people have died or are suffering long-term health challenges because they didn't have this information.<BR>Starting with the most impactful, this book takes readers step-by-step through an easy-to-read list of DIY remedies that should be ready to go in every home. Many of these immune-boosting strategies are the same ones that helped some sanitariums to keep mortality rates at just over 1% during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918. This track record was especially remarkable considering that most general hospitals suffered mortality rates of closer to 30-40% during that tragic time.<BR>This book is not about vaccinations, masks, supplements, social distancing, or quarantines. Rather, it focuses on the key strategies that, when implemented, will do much to build our personal immune systems. While there are no guarantees in this life, it is up to each of us to do all that we can to bolster our own defenses. In that way, we can be best prepared to fend off future viruses and pathogens that might come our way, bringing them to a speedy and powerful halt.

Syphilis is an illness with mythology. The story of its origin, dissemination and treatment have all been mired in confusion, a mix of reality and quackery. I have tried to put the organism as the principal protagonist of the story, firmly in an historical focus which centres more on its social impact than on its particular medical management. A diagnosis of Syphilis had personal and community consequence and its impact transcended into the arts. Despite the discovery of an effective treatment to which the organism has fortunately failed to mutate, the restrictions in available management have been social and a result of prejudice towards its victims. This may explain why it is once again on the global rise in places where access to the most basic antibiotics remains limited. This book uniquely considers the sociological sequel of infection, the wider influence extending beyond the physical that has become its legacy.

This book presents multiple facets of cancer biology, including cancer diagnosis, therapeutics to the latest developments in cancer informatics, and applications of artificial intelligence for improving oncologic care. The initial section of the book discusses factors contributing to the development and causes of cancer. The subsequent sections discuss the basic principle of imaging and therapeutic techniques, including MRI, CT, and positron emission tomography (PET) Scan. The book further, explores the implications of cancer chemotherapy on the immune system and emphasizes the effective management of cancer-related pain. Towards the end, it covers recent advancements in cancer treatment, including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, interventional radiotherapy, and stem cell-based therapy. Lastly, it summarizes essential strategic elements of cancer informatics for improving patient outcome.

Friedrich Frischknecht gives an insight into malaria and the biological complexity of the parasites that trigger it. The author takes the reader on a journey from the historical discovery of the pathogen to the modern methods of vaccine development. He explains how genetic manipulations help to understand the parasite and to develop novel vaccination approaches. He explains the difficulties that need to be overcome to eradicate malaria. The author: Prof. Dr. Friedrich Frischknecht studied biochemistry at the Freie Universität Berlin and did his PhD on smallpox viruses at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg. After a research stay at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, he has been head of a research group at the University Hospital in Heidelberg since 2005 and is interested in the molecular basis of the movement of malaria parasites.

This volume provides a comprehensive review of programmed cell death pathways and their fundamental role in antiviral host defense. The book deep-dives into the molecular functions and regulation of necroptosis and discusses how viruses induce and manipulate this potent innate cellular sensing system.Initially, understanding of necroptosis emerged from studies on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling that showed the key role of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) which then phosphorylates mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) to execute cells via plasma membrane leakage of cytosolic contents. Since its discovery, multiple facets of the RIPK3-dependent necroptotic machinery have evolved where the requirements for execution of death varies depending on the stimulus.Virus-induced necroptosis was discovered over 10 years ago in studies on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)where a virus-encoded inhibitor was shown to prevent the recruitment of RIPK3 (RIP3). This transformative evidence identified a novel pathway acting independent of TNF, interferon or RIPK1 that can stop virus from infecting its natural mouse host by killing off infected cells to halt replication. Over the past decade influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and poxvirus vaccinia (VACV) have all been shown to trigger the pathway. Herpesviruses and poxviruses also encode inhibitors of caspase-8 whose elaboration unleashes the necroptosis pathway. IAV and other RNA viruses do not encode programmed cell death inhibitors. RIPK3 is also known to induce apoptosis by recruiting RIPK1 as shown nearly a decade ago and this dual apoptosis/necroptosis induction occurs naturally during influenza A virus infection. RIPK3 is also able to induce an inflammatory response independently of programmed cell death that can predominate to drive inflammatory disease outcomes. This volume is a must-read for researchers and advanced students in immunology and virology.

The core of this three-volume book deals with damage-associated molecular patterns abbreviated "DAMPs", which are unique molecules that save life and fight for survival of all organisms on this planet by triggering robust inflammatory/immune defense responses upon any injury, including those caused by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. However, these molecules also have a dark side: when produced in excess upon severe insults, they can trigger serious human diseases.The three volumes present current understanding of the importance of DAMP-promoted immune responses in the etiopathogenesis of human diseases and explore how this understanding is impacting diagnosis, prognosis, and future treatment. This third volume addresses the potential of DAMPs in clinical practice, as therapeutic targets and therapeutics, by focusing on a description of antigen-related diseases, which are pathogenetically dominated by DAMPs, that is, infectious and autoimmune disorders and allograftrejection (as an undesired function of these molecules), as well as tumor rejection (as the desired function of these molecules).The book is written for professionals from all medical and paramedical disciplines who are interested in the introduction of innovative data from modern inflammation and immunity research into clinical practice. In this sense, the book reflects an approach to translational medicine. The readership will include all practitioners and clinicians, in particular, ICU clinicians, infectiologists, microbiologists, virologists, hematologists, rheumatologists, diabetologists, neurologists, transplantologists, oncologists, and pharmacists.Also available: Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases - Vol. 1: Injury-Induced Innate Immune Responses; Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases - Vol. 2: Danger Signals as Diagnostics, Prognostics, and Therapeutic Targets.