Neuropsychologie

This book develops an evolutionary theory of crime. Both evolutionary theory and neurocriminology are growing fields that are attracting more and more interest for criminologists and wider fields alike. This book summarises important readings that relate to retribution and punishment and presents some neurocriminological findings. In addition, the book introduces a new methodology for the study of crime: a game theory experiment adapted from the field of behavioural economics. Overall, the book synthesises the key crime literature, presents a new theory of crime in a new field of evolutionary criminology and the methodology to study it, and provides empirical results in support of the theory. For any evolutionary and neuroscientist interested in deviance, this book offers a new model which is testable using more complex methods such as MRI scanners and survival simulations.

This new edition of Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy addresses all issues relating to drug-resistance in epilepsy, including studies in patients as well in experimental models and presents the basis for an understanding of recent developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition. Important issues associated with drug-resistant epilepsy are reviewed and updated, such as abnormalities in inhibitory mechanisms, neurotoxicity and changes the immune system associated with this disorder, and the development of drug-resistance as consequence of chronic exposure to antiseizure-medications. Considering that a major obstacle is that epilepsy associated with drug-resistance cannot be controlled with the traditional antiseizure medications, specific chapters describe therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the progression of the disease with complementary medical therapies, such as transcranial focal stimulation to promote neuroprotection. Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy is a valuable resource for anyone working in the field, whether studying epilepsy in the lab or treating it in an office.

This book demonstrates the beneficial effects in brain circuits involving memory and attention, reward and social values, decision making and coordination, creativity and persistence of the skills and expertise of continuing education and exposure to the Arts; including chess practice, music/counting, college education and watching movies. These activities were reviewed and investigated using full-spectrum, advanced quantitative imaging techniques. The book highlights extensive applications for this research in common diseases, together with cutting-edge and full-spectrum static and dynamic, functional and structural, regional and inter-network, imaging and phenotypic scales. It will capture the interest of researchers in the areas of neurodevelopmental, neuroplasticity and neuropsychiatric imaging and correlation, as well as disease diagnosis and treatment, and could help convey the methodological innovation and neuroscientific applications of important educational, health and arts/science-related topics.

'Das wohl umfassendste Werk, das sich je dem Zusammenleben der Menschen gewidmet hat.' Die ZeitDer New-York-Times-Bestseller erstmalig im TaschenbuchRobert Sapolsky legt Schicht für Schicht die Ursachen und Biologie des menschlichen Verhaltens frei. Warum sind Menschen mal aggressiv, mal einfühlsam?Der Neurobiologe schlüsselt in seinem Standardwerk Schritt für Schritt sämtliche Faktoren auf, die zu Gewalt oder Mitgefühl führen: - Was passiert Sekundenbruchteile vor einer Gräueltat im Gehirn? - Welche Sinnesreize wirken Sekunden oder Minuten vor einem Akt des Mitgefühls auf uns ein?- Wie stimulieren Hormone Stunden oder Tage vorher das Nervensystem? - Welche Rolle spielen Umwelt, Erziehung und Kultur, und welche die Gene? - Und was hat die Evolution damit zu tun, dass wir morden oder unseren Nächsten lieben? Sapolskys faszinierende Analyse lässt uns jede Tat als komplexes Zusammenspiel biologischer und psychologischer Einflüsse begreifen. "Gewalt und Mitgefühl" ist eine grandiose Synthese der Wissenschaft vom menschlichen Verhalten. Und ein Buch, das vollkommen neue Wege aufzeigt, die Kontrolle über unser Handeln zurückzugewinnen - und damit die Gewalt einzudämmen.'Eine eigensinnige und bahnbrechende Synthese von Neurobiologie und Psychologie. Darwin wäre begeistert gewesen.' THE NEW YORK TIMES

Attention is an issue of urgent concern. What we pay attention to is our life: Attention is our brain's boss, determining what we focus on, how we perceive the world, and ultimately, what we experience. And yet many of us are feeling distracted, scattered, and ineffective, and looking for real solutions - not sticking plasters. In a work culture that expects us to be available at all times, we struggle to both accomplish our career goals and remain present and engaged for the passing, priceless moments of our lives with our children, partners, families, and friends.In PEAK MIND Dr Jha unpacks her decades of research on the science of attention and its power to define our lives: what we experience, how we remember it, and what we can achieve. PEAK MIND will take us on a journey into the inner workings of our own brains, revealing how we can use the latest insights in neuroscience to realise our own potential. It will take readers behind the scenes into fascinating new studies and research, debunking common assumptions and offering stunning new insight into where presence, purpose, and mental fitness really come from.Through her work with those in high stress, high consequence professions (soldiers, firefighters, athletes, and more), she reveals her discovery that of all the cognitive training techniques and gadgets she's tested in her lab, only one results in improvements to attention and performance: mindfulness practice.Through multiple studies in the lab and in the field, Dr. Jha has scaled down her training program to reach the lower limit of training time, and a minimum required dose - 12 minutes daily - for people with limited time (i.e. almost all of us) who nevertheless want to protect and improve their attention and cognition.

This book focuses on asymmetries in brain structure and their role in emotional functions (such as amygdala in emotional comprehension, the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex in the integration between cognition and emotion and in the control of emotional reactions, and the anterior insula in the experience of emotions).The idea of hemispheric asymmetries in emotional comprehension and expression was first proposed about a century after the first studies showing that the left hemisphere is dominant for language, but it quickly became very popular. Initial investigations considered the right and left hemispheres as single functional units, but in the last few years several researchers have focused attention on asymmetries in brain structures playing a critical role in specific components of emotional functions.Furthermore, interesting data have been obtained by studying emotional and behavioural disorders of patients with asymmetrical forms of frontal or temporal variants of fronto-temporal degeneration.Elaborating on these subjects requires, on the one hand, a consolidated understanding of how models concerning the relationships between emotions and hemispheric asymmetries evolved in time and, on the other hand, a sound interdisciplinary knowledge of psychology (nature, components and hierarchical organization of emotions) and neuroscience (neuroanatomy). This volume - intended for neurologists, neuroscientists and psychologists - pursues an organic and consistent approach to provide an overview of these complex and fascinating issues.

The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, has a high metabolic demand. The physiology of the brain is such that it is easily affected by alterations in other systems, which in turn can compromise cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Together the brain and spinal cord control the automatic function of our body systems. While other systems of body controls individual functions, central nervous system at the same time does many different functions, especially, controlling the function of other systems. This interaction between the brain and other systems is important when it comes to understanding how injuries to the brain can, at times, produce complications in remote organs or systems of the body, such as the lungs. This book explains the lesser-known crosstalks between acutely or chronically affected brain and lung, describing the pathophysiology of the lung following brain injury and discussing in detail the conflicts between the brain and lungs in relation to the tidal volumes, positive end-expiratory pressures, arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, recruitment maneuvers and positioning, as well as potential therapeutic targets.

Originally published in 1989, school psychology, according to the contributors of this unique volume, is an approach to problem solving, not simply a setting- specific profession. Following Lightner Witmer's original notion, the editors lay a foundation for the field of school psychology in "nontraditional" settings. Such nontraditional practice stems from data showing that school psychologists display skills and abilities that can be applied successfully to a variety of client needs in numerous settings. This special book directly affects both the practicing school psychologist and those in training, as well as professionals and students in clinical child psychology, counseling, and educational psychology.

Dit boek laat zien hoe neuropsychologische problematiek kan interfereren bij psychotherapeutische behandeling. Door hier meer op te focussen, kun je effectiever behandelen en misdiagnostiek voorkomen. Het beschrijft welke problemen je kan tegenkomen bij de behandeling, en welke kennis van neuropsychologische stoornissen nodig is bij aanvang en tijdens de behandeling. Tevens biedt het boek praktische handvatten voor de behandeling in de klinische praktijk.De rol van neuropsychologie in de psychotherapie is opgebouwd uit drie delen. Het algemene gedeelte gaat over de relatie tussen psychotherapie en neurowetenschappen, over kwetsbaarheid en veerkracht en over ontwikkelingsneuropsychologische perspectieven. In het tweede praktijkgericht deel komen de meest voorkomende psychische en psychiatrische problemen aan de orde, zoals depressie, chronische vermoeidheid, posttraumatisch stressstoornissen, ADHD en somatische symptoomstoornissen. Ook leest u over de mogelijke inzet van E-health bij de behandeling van deze patiënten. Deel drie, het tweede praktijkgerichte deel, richt zich op de gevolgen van niet aangeboren hersenletsel (NAH), zoals de identiteit na een NAH, beperkte cognitieve stoornissen, emotionele problemen en gesprekstherapie na hersenletsel. Daarnaast komt ook de mogelijke inzet van E-health bij behandeling van NAH aan de orde.Het boek richt zich op psychologen, psychotherapeuten en psychiaters werkzaam in de ggz. Het boek is eveneens goed bruikbaar binnen de diverse ggz-opleidingen.

GB

Müller cells may be used in the future for novel therapeutic strategies to protect neurons against apoptosis (for example, somatic gene therapy), or to differentiate retinal neurons from Müller/stem cells. Meanwhile, a proper understanding of the gliotic responses of Müller cells in the diseased retina, and of their protective vs. detrimental effects, is essential for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies that use and stimulate the neuron-supportive/-protective - and prevent the destructive - mechanisms of gliosis.