Verfahrenstechnik

This book presents the selected proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Manufacturing (RAM 2021). The book provides insights to current research trends and opportunities in modelling and optimization of manufacturing processes and systems. The topics covered include modelling analysis, computing and simulation, traditional and non-traditional optimization techniques, surface coating methods, additive manufacturing processes, CAD/CAM, robotics and automation, welding and joining processes, supply chain management and CAE and reverse engineering. This book will be a good reference for beginners, researchers and professionals interested in modelling and optimization related to manufacturing engineering and related fields.

The 6th volume of Green Chemical Processing considers sustainable chemistry in the context of innovative and emerging technologies, explaining how they can support the "greening" of industry processes. The American Chemical Society's 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are woven throughout this text as well as the series to which this book belongs.

This textbook discusses the development and analysis of polygeneration systems to generate electricity, fresh water, hot air, cold air, and hot water from a source of energy. Topics covered in this book are desalination with no pressure or vacuum components; combined use of refrigerator and heat pump with a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle; binary fluid polygeneration; compact units; and flexible operation. It covers four polygeneration configurations, viz. binary fluid polygeneration with single-stage HDH, binary fluid polygeneration with double-stage HDH, heat pump polygeneration with single-stage HDH, and heat pump polygeneration with double-stage polygeneration. End-of-chapter problems and solved examples aid in self learning of the students. The textbook is useful for graduate and advanced graduate students studying courses such as polygeneration, sustainable energy, power generation, and alike. This book is also a useful supplementary text for researchers influid dynamics, thermal engineering, and allied fields.

Dieses Buch gibt darüber Aufschluss, wie die Prozessstabilität als Maß für die Qualitätssicherung mit der Spritzerintensität korreliert und welche Einflussgrößen diese beeinflussen. Innerhalb der durchgeführten Arbeiten wurde zunächst ein methodisches Vorgehen zur Quantifizierung der Prozessinstabilitäten auf Basis der resultierenden Anzahl an Prozessspritzern entwickelt, wobei diese Methodik in mehreren darauffolgenden Schritten dazu verwendet wurde, um gezielt die Auswirkungen einiger ausgewählter Einfluss- und Stellgrößen im Kontext der PBF-LB/M-Prozessstabilität zu untersuchen und innerhalb einer Potenzialanalyse zur spritzerreduzierten Prozessführung zu bewerten. Dabei wurden neben den grundlegenden Prozessparametern (Schichtstärke, Fokusdurchmesser, Laserleistung, Scangeschwindigkeit, Hatch-Abstand und der Gasstromwinkel) auch der vorherrschende Umgebungsdruck in der Prozesskammer, das verwendete Inertgas, einige Eigenschaften des Pulvermaterials sowie die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Laserstrahlformen hinsichtlich der resultierenden Anzahl an Prozessspritzern untersucht. Weiterführend wurde eine Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse durchgeführt, die sich sowohl mit Potenzialen zur Steigerung der Produktivität der einzelnen Stellgrößen als auch mit einer Kostenbetrachtung anhand eines Fallbeispiels in unterschiedlichen Szenarien beschäftigt.

This book introduces the laser hybrid additive manufacturing technology (LHAM) with alternately thermal and mechanical effects for the high-performance manufacturing of key components. Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have made considerable progress in the basic theoretical field since its invention in the 1970s. However, there are still some difficulties in the coordinated control of the structure and performance, containing the challenges of "structure control" against deformation and cracking of the formed metallic components incurred by internal stress and "performance control" against poor fatigue property of formed metallic components incurred by metallurgical defects. This book surveys the most relevant papers about the influence of laser shock wave on the microstructural evolution, residual stress, metallurgical defect, and mechanical properties that have become the foundation to elucidate the principles and effects of LHAM technology. This book is separated into four parts to fully present the LHAM technology. The first part reviews the background of LHAM technology. The second part explains the theoretical basis of the thermal effects of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) and mechanical effects of laser shock peening (LSP). The other two parts specifically describe the microstructural evolution, residual stress, metallurgical defect, and mechanical properties using LHAM technology. This book benefits the audience in the field of mechanical engineering and materials sciences, since LHAM technology is suitable for the manufacturing and applications of the key components of aero-engine. The analysis in the book helps the audience deeply understand the mechanism of LHAM technology. The authors' unique thinking about LHAM technology also runs through the book, which may enlighten the audience to further develop LHAM technology.

This book comprises state-of-the-art papers in manufacturing engineering & processes including computer-aided design and manufacturing, environmentally sustainable manufacturing processes, modelling, analysis, and simulation of manufacturing processes, composite materials manufacturing, nanomaterials and nano-manufacturing, semiconductor materials manufacturing, rapid manufacturing technologies, 3D printing and non-traditional manufacturing engineering and processes. In particular, the papers in the book cover latest advances especially in 3D printing and additive manufacturing techniques and processes for sustainable materials including ceramic and polymer-matrix composite where there is paucity of good papers in the literature. The contents of this volume will be useful to researchers and practicing engineers alike.

This highly informative and carefully presented book offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of thermal engineering. The book focuses both on the fundamentals and more complex topics such as the basics of thermodynamics, Zeroth Law of thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, application of first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, entropy, availability and irreversibility, properties of pure substance, vapor power cycles, introduction to working of IC engines, air-standard cycles, gas turbines and jet propulsion, thermodynamic property relations and combustion. The author has included end-of-chapter problems and worked examples to augment learning and self-testing. This book is a useful reference to undergraduate students in the area of mechanical engineering.

Flexible electronics are electronics that can be stretched, bent, twisted, and deformed into arbitrary shapes. They break through the bottleneck and monopoly of traditional, rigid IC technologies and represent the next-generation electronics. This book provides an overview of the underlying theory and method of structural design for flexible electronics. Compared to intrinsically flexible and stretchable materials, structural engineering has proven its unique advantages, e.g. stretchable inorganic electronics. Based on the mechanical mechanisms, this book discusses the main structural deformation behaviors of flexible electronics, including mechanics of film-on-substrate and fiber-on-substrate, self-similar design with/without substrate, conformal design on rigid/soft substrate, purely in-plane design of serpentine interconnect with/without substrate, buckling-driven self-assembly and kirigami assembly strategies, neutral layer design, and the new materials-based structure design likeliquid metals, etc. Moreover, the related advanced fabrication technology, the devices designs and applications of flexible electronics are also presented. The comprehensive and in-depth content makes this book can be used as a reference book for experienced researchers, as well as a teaching material for graduate students.

Introduction.- Analysis of locating determination.- Analysis of workpiece stability.- Analysis of clamping reasonability.- Analysis of attachment and detachment.- Analysis of locating accuracy.- Selection algorithm of locating datum.- Planning algorithm of locating point layout.- Determination method of clamping point layout for a rigid workpiece.- Fixturing layout optimization of thin-walled workpieces.- Matching method of fixture elements.

This proposed book chapter is expected to provide the readers with wide aspects of green technologies for industrial waste remediation. The first chapter is dedicated to the introduction to the title of the book. The chapter discusses various green technologies for industrial waste remediation. After that, the second chapter emphasizes the different types of applications of microorganisms in industrial waste treatment. After that, chapters emphasize the specific area of the title, including the micro and nanofiltration technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater, methods for the recovery and removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents, algal photobioreactor technology for industrial wastewater treatment, carbon capture and energy recovery, bioremediation of radioactive wastes, membrane-based technologies for industrial waste management, valorization of agro-industrial wastes for biorefinery products, bioaccumulation and detoxification of metals through genetically engineered microorganism, application of biochar in waste remediation, constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater remediation, bioelectrochemical treatment of recalcitrant pollutants, microplastics, petrochemicals including BTEX, applications of biosorbents in industrial wastewater treatment, Microbial biofilm reactor for sustainable wastewater treatment, dye adsorption and degradation using microbial consortium, sustainable treatment of endocrine disruptive chemicals released from industries, biological nanomaterials for industrial wastewater management, vermifiltration as a natural, cost-effective and green technology for biomanagement of industrial wastewater, biocatalytic remediation of industrial pollutants, and green treatment of poly aromatic hydrocarbons released from industrial waste. All the chapters cover various aspects of sustainable management of industrial wastes covering relevant literature and data.Further, this book discusses the various advanced techniques/methods adopted for the enhancement of waste management, like the application of nanoparticles. This book discusses other related topics such as algal photobioreactors for carbon dioxide sequestration. Further, chapters are included to discuss about life cycle assessment of the wastewater treatment tools and commercialization aspects.

This book discusses human reliability programs (HRPs) and their various elements, including safety and security case studies. The topics covered include significance and vulnerability aspects of human reliability and sustainable HRP, including case studies and lessons learned, methodologies used for human reliability analysis, and good practices of HRPs from various industries. Human reliability is widely used in fields requiring high standards of safety, such as the aviation, petroleum and chemical process, and nuclear industries. The book showcases contributions on the topic from experts in the field of technology, design, aviation, and nuclear industries. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in HRP to ensure safety and security in industries.

This book provides new techniques for recovering exhaust heat from gas turbines, natural gas combined cycle power plants, biomass boilers, and waste heat recovery from compost and wastewater treatment plants The book provides modeling for the study and comparison of combined cycle power plants with a heat recovery boiler of three pressure levels with reheating, inserting a technological improvement of solar hybridization and partial regeneration in the gas turbine. It assesses the environmental impacts and economic sustainability associated with these improvements. In addition, it proposes emissions minimization, with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and emissions treatment with a CO2 capture plant (CCP) and combined cycle power plant. Finally, it provides new insights into heat recovery from compost and exhaust gases recovery from wastewater treatment plants.

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive introduction to the technical principles, materials, processes, and equipment of the electron beam wire deposition technology (EBWD), while focusing on the research results of the author's scientific research team engaged in this technology in China. It mainly introduces the conceptual connotation, principle, and characteristics of the EBWD technology, its position and function in the additive manufacturing technology system, the direction and trend of technological development at home and abroad, the fundamentals and application results of the EBWD technology, including technical principles, equipment technology, special materials, manufacturing technology, quality testing, and application practices. So this book can serve as a reference book for teachers, students, and scientific researchers in scientific research institutions who are engaged in relevant studies.

This book presents a detailed description of the most common nondestructive testing(NDT) techniques used for the testing and evaluation fiber-reinforced composite structures, during manufacturing and/or in service stages. In order to facilitate the understanding and the utility of the different NDT techniques presented, the book first provides some information regarding the defects and material degradation mechanisms observed in fiber-reinforced composite structures as well as their general description and most probable causes. It is written based on the extensive scientific research and engineering backgrounds of the authors in the NDT and structural health monitoring (SHM) of structural systems from various areas including electrical, mechanical, materials, civil and biomedical engineering. Pursuing a rigorous approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for the NDT of fiber-reinforced composite structures, while emphasizing on the importance of technique's spatial resolution, integrated systems analysis and the significance of the influence stemming from the applicability of the NDT and the physical parameters of the test structures in the selection and utilization of adequate NDT techniques.The book is intended for students who are interested in the NDT of fiber-reinforced composite structures, researchers investigating the applicability of different NDT techniques to the inspections of structural systems, and NDT researchers and engineers working on the optimization of NDT systems for specific applications involving the use of fiber-reinforced composite structures.

This book presents select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Futuristic Advancements in Materials, Manufacturing and Thermal Sciences (ICFAMMT 2022). The book provides an overview of the latest research in the area of thermal sciences such as computational and numerical methods in fluid flow and heat transfer, advanced energy systems, optimization of thermal systems, technologies for space, and aerospace applications, supersonic combustion, two-phase / multiphase flows. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of thermal sciences

This book focuses on the basic physical process and chemical reaction of plasma spraying particle melting, flight and deposition. It introduces the basic scientific contents such as the basic characteristics and spraying principle of plasma arc, the interaction between spraying particles in flight section and plasma jet, the spreading and solidification behavior of single droplet and the performance test of flat particles, macro performance evaluation and quality optimization of coating. The typical applications of plasma spraying coating and the new developing direction of plasma spraying technology are summarized. This book will be helpful for the graduate students, researchers, as well as engineers in the field of plasma spray.

This book describes the reaction rate profiles of the ß-galactosidase-catalyzed conversion of lactose on the inner surface of a hollow fiber membrane, which is employed as an enzymatic reactor system. The reaction rate profiles were obtained by solving the mass transfer and kinetics of reaction in a 2-dimensional model of the system. The primary challenge of this research was to develop the kinetic model of the reaction to describe the kinetic behavior as the reaction occurred on the membrane surface. Despite the difficulties, the proposed model can reliably replicate the actual process, as validation procedures have confirmed. The reaction rates obtained analyze the performance of the immobilized enzyme on the membrane surface. Previously, an increase in performance of 'ß-galactosidase-catalyzed conversion of lactose assisted by ultrafiltration was suggested due to inhibitor removal. However, as the analysis presented here shows, the concentration profile of the substrate on the membrane surface also affects the reaction performance.

The main objective of this volume is to demonstrate the importance of the fundamental aspects of interfacial phenomena in various industrial applications. The text provides the reader with the knowledge that is essential for the composition of the complex multi-phase systems used in the above mentioned areas of application. It should enable the physical and formulation chemist as well as the chemical engineer in designing the formulation on the basis of a rational approach. It will also enable the formulation scientist to better understanding the factors responsible for producing a stable product with optimum application conditions. The book should also be very useful for teaching the subject of formulation at academic institutions.

1 Grundlagen der Planung und Herstellung von Wasserhaltungen.- 2 Offene Wasserhaltung.- 3 Grundwasserabsenkung mit Brunnen.- 4 Grundwasserabsperrung.- 5 Sonderprobleme der Wasserhaltung.- Normenverzeichnis.