Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen

Weltweit gibt es über 160 verschiedene Währungen, jede mit einem Monopol innerhalb ihres eigenen Rechtsraums. Doch abgesehen von einer Handvoll stabilerer Währungen, verlieren die meisten von ihnen mit der Zeit rapide an Wert und finden kaum Akzeptanz außerhalb ihrer Landesgrenzen. Grenzüberschreitende Zahlungsengpässe, Umrechnungsprobleme und Währungswechsel machen das globale Finanzsystem in gewisser Weise zu einem modernen Tauschhandel. Wer im "falschen" Land geboren wurde, hat es besonders schwer, effektiv zu sparen. Während stetig steigende Energieproduktion und der technologische Fortschritt durch Elektronik unseren Lebensstandard kontinuierlich verbessert haben, hinkt das globale Finanzsystem dieser Entwicklung hinterher und bremst das wirtschaftliche Potenzial aus. Diese Problematik trifft nicht nur Schwellenländer, sondern wird zunehmend auch in den Industrieländern spürbar, wo Schulden und Defizite außer Kontrolle geraten und Wellen von Inflation und Bankenzusammenbrüchen die Weltwirtschaft erschüttern.Wie konnte es so weit kommen? Warum ist unser Geld im 21. Jahrhundert immer noch so unzulänglich?Politische Eingriffe können zwar kurzfristige und lokale Verbesserungen bringen, doch nur Technologie schafft nachhaltige und globale Veränderungen. Genau wie Gold einst Muscheln ersetzt hat, und wie Zentralbanken eine logische Konsequenz der Einführung von Geldscheinen aus Papyrus sind, und sogar wie die Erfindung des Telegraphen nur eine erste Etappe auf dem Entwicklungspfad hin zu Bitcoin darstellt, fällt die Bedeutsamkeit von Technologie insbesondere im Geldwesen auf.In BROKEN MONEY nimmt Lyn Alden ihre Leser mit auf eine spannende Reise durch die technologische Evolution des Geldes. Sie beleuchtet die Ursprünge des Geldwesens, wagt einen Blick in die Zukunft und hinterfragt die fundamentalen Grundlagen, auf denen unsere heutigen Geldsysteme beruhen.

Lesebändchen

Immiserizing Growth Fails the Poor refers to situations where economic growth does not lead to poverty reduction. How should this phenomenon be conceptualized? How often, when, and where does it occur? Why does it occur? Shaffer addresses these three sets of questions drawing on a wide range of theoretical perspectives and empirical approaches.This volume presents a conceptualization of immiserizing growth which combines the notions of failed and malevolent inclusion, being bypassed, and 'avoidably' harmed by growth, respectively. It develops this concept of malevolent inclusion drawing on a debate in philosophy about 'doing and allowing harm'. The analysis proceeds to examine the characteristics and causes of immiserizing growth on the basis of comparable household survey data from the 1990s using multiple poverty lines and time periods, and different measures of growth and poverty.The book also explores theories, processes, and mechanisms of immiserizing growth found in a wide variety of bodies of thought including the classical tradition of political economy (Mathus, Ricardo, and Marx), more recent radical traditions of scholarship, literatures on poverty dynamics, and inclusive growth and empirical case studies. It proceeds to empirically investigate some of the variables uncovered in this literature using cross-country econometric techniques, methods of qualitative comparative analysis and case-studies from sub-Saharan Africa, matched using cluster analysis and situated within a typological framework.

How have the events of the twenty-first century shaped African economies and societies? In this book, Steve Onyeiwu highlights the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities in African economies. He analyzes the socioeconomic and political conditions in Africa, with emphasis on events of the past two decades.Onyeiwu notes that African economies change virtually every minute, and it's imperative to ensure the information presented is current and accurate. Climate change and the explosion of the youth population have assumed new dimensions, prompting analysts to ponder their implications for the future of African economies. Other significant changes include COVID-19 and recent apprehension about the resilience of democracy throughout the region. The author addresses these complex topics and explains how the skepticism about the endurance of democracy is fueled by economic anxiety, political violence, coup d'états and protests in many parts of Africa.The book includes recent data on key variables and events in the region. In addition to undertaking thorough revisions of the 10 chapters from the first edition, this new edition includes three new chapters on population and youth, COVID-19, and climate change.

This book explores the disconnect between fiscal policy and macroeconomic development in South Africa. It analyses the factors that have contributed to the lack of economic growth in the country over recent decades and outlines an improved fiscal policy framework that increases investment and employment. Particular attention is given to the impact of government debt and its relationship with GDP, the connection between budget deficits and interest rates, and how economic policy uncertainty affects employment dynamics and inflation.This book provides practical fiscal policy suggestions to increase economic growth in South Africa and Africa more generally. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in African economics and economic policy.

The research purpose of this book is to advance the reform of the existing international monetary system through the establishment of a new international currency standard that is a super-sovereign currency. International Monetary System provides international economic activities rules for the human society. It has significant influences not only on international economic activities of various countries but also on their domestic economic activities as well. Since the disintegration of International gold standard in 1971, studies on reform of international monetary system have remained as the important research themes for international economic research fields. Improvements of international monetary system to facilitate worldwide economic developments have been interests to all. Thus this book has valuable theoretical contributions. Since the collapse of Bretton Woods System, the current international monetary system of Jamaica Systemhas come into being. Under Jamaica System, the sovereign currency US dollar has acted as the main international currency. This has caused vulnerability of money standard, instability of exchange rate system, and frequent occurrences of currency crises. Calls for international monetary system reforms have increased under these circumstances. Various programs such as improved international gold standard system, expansion of Special Drawing Rights, as well as establishment of single world currency surface. So this book has significant practical contributions as well. The major contribution of this book is the proposal of new scheme of establishment of supra-sovereign international currency. This is an entire new reform program that differs significantly from any past or current reform programs in international economic research fields from all over the world.

This book is a collection of meticulously gathered interviews with government officials, ambassadors, and executives involved in foreign investment and economic development in Cuba. The interviews, many for the first time with a foreign journalist, are valuable from a historical perspective and as a story of development. It offers an "open window" on Cuba into a crucial segment of the country's economy, erroneously perceived by some as "shuttered" to the outside world.This work is structured by the contextual history of Obama's opening with Cuba, the bleak days of Trump, the Havana Syndrome, the onset of the pandemic, the election of Biden, and his "unmet promises", through to economic recovery of the island under the post-pandemic normal. It highlights the work of the ones who lead and invest, create opportunities for themselves and others, initiate change, trigger sustainable development, build infrastructure, improve lives, strengthen the economy, lessen suffering, and create hope. They stimulate forward progress. These are the visionaries with plans seeking to realize the full potential of Cuba, driving a new era of sustainable development and growth. By filling those gaps, this work is an important supplement for any future analysis seeking to examine the country's potential.The book is divided into parts: government, economy, foreign investment, industrial zones, banking, law, and business, followed by interviews with top executives from Cuba's primary sectors. This "open window" on Cuba is a compelling fresh take that shows that Cuba is open for serious business.

This volume presents current developments in the fields of banking and finance from an international perspective. Featuring contributions from the 6th International Conference on Banking and Finance Perspectives (ICBFP), this volume serves as a valuable forum for discussing current issues and trends in the banking and financial sectors, especially in light of the global economic challenges triggered by financial institutions. Using the latest theoretical models, new perspectives are brought to topics such as international monetary policy, Islamic finance, microfinance, fintech, and capital flight. Offering an opportunity to explore the challenges of a rapidly changing industry, this volume will be of interest to academics, policy makers, and scholars in the fields of banking, insurance, and finance.

Opinions on digitalization in mangagement accounting.- Measuring digitalization in mangagement accounting.- Digital trends in mangagement accounting.- Evaluation options for business analytics in mangagement accounting.- Requirements for the profile of the digital mangagement accountant.- Gamification in mangagement accounting.- DACH companies - cross-industry practical examples on the topic of digitalization in mangagement accounting.

This book focuses on the dialogues to improve the communication among Asian countries, which is contributed by world-wide experts from think-tanks, academia and governments. In this book, it involves the topics of Connotation and Evolution of Asian Civilization, Exchanges and Mutual Learning of Asian Civilization, Asian Civilization and Asian Development, Opportunities and Challenges Faced with Asian Civilization, etc.

This book presents a systemic view of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change from the positions of Sustainable Development Goals. The purpose of the book is to study the current problems of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change and to determine the prospects of its sustainable development (systemic support for the SDGs). This goal predetermines the logic and structure of the book, which is comprised of five parts.Part I presents the authors' novel view of the global environmental economy under the conditions of climate change from the positions of the SDGs. It reflects the contradiction and describes the path of preserving economic growth during the implementation of SDG 13. The COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis are considered as the result of the reduction of biodiversity under the conditions of climate change from the positions of SDG 3. Responsible innovations, eco-friendly products, and green trade are presented as trends of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change to support SDG 12. Green jobs are analyzed in the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change during the implementation of SDG 8. The significance of social inclusivity and reduction of the inequality of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change to support SDG 10 is noted.Part II elaborates on the sectoral specifics of the influence of climate change on the environmental economy: energetics, finance, industry, state management, and agriculture. Part III presents and discusses the international experience of development of the environmental economy under the conditions of climate change given the specifics of developed and developing countries and based on the case experience of Central Asia, the EAEU, and Russia.In Part IV, technological transition (Fourth Industrial Revolution) is offered as a perspective response of the global economic policy to climate change. Scenarios of the fight against climate change in the Decade of Action depending on the scale of the technological transition are described: digital economy vs Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. The perspectives of the technological transition at the level of companies (creation of cyber-physical systems of Industry 4.0; green digital innovations and smart ESG finance) and regions (smart region as a socio-economic environment with large adaptability to climate change) are described.

This book discusses the unique and unusual characteristics of the blockchain and the industries and markets affected by this technology in the Global South. Its main objectives are to 1) provide a comprehensive review of economic, health, social, political, entrepreneurial, and environmental impacts of blockchain, 2) present evidence from countries, industries, and firms to broaden the understanding of the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes associated with blockchain projects, and 3) analyze the enablers and opportunities that can be tapped and barriers that may impede the implementation of blockchain projects in these economies.Given that in many way blockchain has a much higher value proposition for economies in the Global South than for their counterparts in the more developed Global North, it has the potential to make up for the lack of effective formal institutions - rules, laws, regulations, and their enforcement - as well as improve administrative aspects, such as maintenance of standards, monitoring and compliance. This work fills a gap in scholarly research and will appeal to researchers interested in the potential of blockchain to boost entrepreneurship, reshape governance, improve supply chain efficiency, and curb corruption in emerging economies.

This book explores the political economy of China-Pakistan economic corridor, a major pilot project for Chinäs ¿One Belt, One Road¿ initiatives. Pakistan will provide China with not only a pathway access to the Indian Ocean, Middle East and Africa, but also vital connections to the Trans-Asia railway network that links Southeast Asia, South Asia and West Asia. This book analyzes how domestic factors in Pakistan will affect Chinäs $46 billion investments. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, and journalists.

This multidisciplinary Open Access book provides nine problem-solving lectures for sustainable development for the planet and prosperity. Those are two of the five keywords for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): people, the planet, prosperity, peace, and partnerships, or "the 5Ps". Each of these lectures is classified into one of the keywords for SDGs and based on law, economics, management, international trade, input-output analysis, or agricultural and urban engineering. Further, each lecture delineates the essence of each discipline when it is practically applied to development studies. This book, Sustainable Development Disciplines for Society, along with its sister volume related to the people, peace and partnerships, will be useful in studying development. Interdisciplinary research is necessary to achieve the SDGs advocated by the United Nations. Hence, it is essential to learn the basics of individual disciplines,as they each offer ample knowledge fostering problem solving through the accumulation of existing research. This and its sister volume are the first comprehensive textbooks summarizing the essence of each necessary discipline to approach development studies from an interdisciplinary perspective. In developing countries, this book will provide access to development research for readers aiming to further develop their own nations. Moreover, in developed countries, this book will provide access to problem-solving research for readers seeking holistic solutions to complex social problems.

The collection of case studies maps the corporate and financial structures of global gambling companies, the tactics that these companies employ to secure profits, the impact they exert on other industry sectors, as well as perspectives on regulation. The articles in the book cover different geographical areas, gambling formats and perspectives into how the global gambling industry has emerged, expanded, and how it is maintained and regulated, in order to form a picture of the global political economy of gambling. The chapters are written by leading scholars on gambling law, social sciences and economy.Chapters [Chapter-No 3.] and [Chapter-No 6] are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Entrepreneurship as practice refers to the everyday way that innovation and futuristic thinking is incorporated into business ventures. It refers to the actual implementation of entrepreneurship within any kind of market context that emphasises proactive change. This edited book focuses on entrepreneurship as a practice as a management imperative. This means highlighting the way entrepreneurship is a practice and requires active engagement. Each chapter in the book discusses a different aspect of entrepreneurship as practice as a way of contributing to the broader discussion of what entrepreneurship is and means in today's global society.

Advances in technology and changes in consumer buying patterns have forced businesses to alter their traditional marketing approach to incorporate contemporary ideologies that will drive customer satisfaction, meet societal expectations, and boot business performance for competitive advantage. The unplanned ravaging effects of the covid-19 pandemic, the vulnerability of our planet due to unsustainable living, and the changing digital landscape require that businesses are strategically aligned to these realities in order to adapt and effectively communicate their offerings. The second of this two-volume work examines marketing communications and brand development in an uncertain and changing world. With specific focus on the covid-19 pandemic, social responsibilities, and emerging technologies, this book examines how organisations in emerging economies can effectively engage in marketing communications and brand activity challenges posed by a changing world. Meanwhile, Volume I provides insight into contemporary issues in marketing such as brand avoidance, health and personal branding, and offers a futuristic perspective on marketing communications. Taken together, this two-volume works is a definitive resource for scholars and students or marketing, branding and international business.

This book brings together a collection of articles from eminent scholars and practitioners from India, Europe, the USA, and Australia and investigates the applicability of spiritually inspired business models in Indian and Western contexts. This book is a tribute to the revered Indian management scholar and philosopher Professor S. K. Chakraborty, a pioneer of human values and Indian ethos in management. It explores the potentials and pitfalls of spiritual-based leadership and provides directions for renewing business education to embrace human values and spirituality. The forty contributions in the book are divided into seven sections-introduction; business ethics and management; developing new organizational models and processes; potentials and pitfalls of spirituality-based leadership; leaders and their world; education, spirituality, and society; ways to go-to bring out different aspects of the spirituality in business model endorsed by Chakraborty. The book is a treasure trove for researchers of not only business ethics, but also of leadership and strategy studies, in addition to the organization professionals and the general reader for expert insights on the topic.

This book evaluates African Special Economic Zones from the perspective of learning from China's experiences with such Zones and the impact of Chinese policy and investment on African Zones. Utilising case studies of perceived successful Special Economic Zones in China, the book proposes the Chinese Model of Special Economic Zones as an evaluation and benchmarking tool against which African Special Economic Zones are considered. Applying several case studies on African Special Economic Zones, the book then details the competitiveness of African Special Economic Zones with a specific focus on attracting Chinese investors to these Zones. The economic, social and environmental impact of these zones are appraised. African Nations' efforts, or lack thereof, to enable successful Special Economic Zones are critically analysed. Finally, Special Economic Zones in Africa are compared against the Chinese Model; and an African Model of Special Economic Zones is proposed. Recommendations are presented to both African Nations' leadership and Chinese policymakers and investors as to how these Zones can be improved to enhance competitiveness and the attainment of the Zones' sustainable development objectives.

This book explores the role of agriculture in long-term economic growth. With a particular focus on Ethiopia, the role of the state in igniting agricultural growth and in sustaining economic growth is highlighted as essential for low-income countries. Taking ideas from both economic history and development economics, the ability of Ethiopia and the rest of Africa to sustain recent rapid growth into something that can tackle the development agenda is discussed, alongside policy suggestions.This book overall presents an optimistic account of Africa and its economic prospects. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in economic development and agricultural economics.This is an open access book.

This book covers multiple areas such as technology and the type of application in aviation, tourism and hospitality with looking at current and future technology application, as well as in a rural tourism perspective. The strength of this book comes from the authors themselves coming from multiple higher institutions in Malaysia and Indonesia as these two countries are the top two countries in Southeast Asia with the world's most popular tourist destinations and for a reason: a tropical climate, rich culture, gorgeous beaches, wonderful food and low prices. This book is also packed with detailed knowledge in the area of air travel, as well as deep understanding on the related theories used as theoretical underpin in performing air travel research. This book provides insightful discussion and very beneficial to the reader.This book is suitable for the following readers: general, students, travelers, academics, tourism consultants, aviation regulators, aviation practitioners and ministries of tourism. Readers are also exposed to recent issues and development pertaining technology application in aviation tourism and hospitality, theoretical discussion related to technology application as well as its application and future research application.

Brazil - Japan Relationship: A Partnership? (Henrique Altemani de Oliveira and Antonio Carlos Lessa).- Global Environmental Governance and ODA from Japan to Brazil (Shuichiro Masukata, Cristina Y. A. Inoue, and Nanahira de Rabelo e Sant'Anna).- Global Health (Rodrigo Pires de Campos and Saori Kawai).- Trilateral Cooperation for Infrastructure (Akiko Koyasu and Danielly Ramos).- Brazilian Workers in Japan and Public Policies for Promoting their Social Integration with a Focus on Basic Education to the Children (Mauricio Bugarin and Keiichi Yamazaki).