Tropenmedizin

West Nile virus is a neurotropic flavivirus that has emerged globally as a primary cause of viral encephalitis. Infection of humans and other vertebrate animals is associated with a febrile illness that can progress to a lethal encephalitis or flaccid paralysis syndrome. Its appearance in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 and the corresponding increase in global disease burden over the last decade have been accompanied by intensive study, including the entry of many scientists into the field. Breakthroughs have been made in understanding the unique transmission pattern between the vector and the multiple avian and mammalian hosts and targets. Studies in mammalian systems have dissected the viral and host factors that determine the pathogenesis and outcome of West Nile virus infection. On the basis of these experiments, progress has been made on the identification of genetic factors that predispose to severe human disease. Thus, in a remarkably short period of time, insight has been gained on a wide variety of disciplines related to West Nile virus biology. The aim of this book was to assemble an up-to-date and cutti- edge anthology from the leading experts in the field. The chapters are balanced by submissions from newcomers who have made significant recent contributions with those from established investigators who have dedicated their careers to the study of West Nile virus.

In der Biografie des Gründers des weltberühmten Hamburger Tropeninstituts verdichten sich Kolonialismus, Nationalismus und modernes Gesundheitsmanagement.Bernhard Nocht (1857-1945) galt Zeitgenossen als 'Vater der deutschen Tropenmedizin'. Aus kleinen Verhältnissen stieg er zum Gründungsdirektor des bekannten, heute nach ihm benannten Hamburger Instituts für Schiffs- und Tropenkrankheiten sowie zum Rektor der Universität Hamburg auf. Als Schüler Robert Kochs stand Nocht dabei im Schnittpunkt bakteriologischer und hygienischer Diskurse, die er bald auch im Sinn eines modernen Gesundheitsmangements prägte. Strategisch geschickt machte er sich und sein Tropeninstitut unentbehrlich für die Ausbildung kolonialer Ärzte und etablierte wissenschaftliche Netzwerke etwa zum Reichskolonialamt, zum Oberkommando der Schutztruppen und in die internationale Tropenmedizin. Markus Hedrich erzählt Nochts Vita erstmals fundiert und fragt nach den Schnittpunkten von modernem Gesundheitsmanagement, Militarismus und kolonialer Expansion. Neben Nochts eigenen Forschungen zu Malaria und Beriberi thematisiert der Autor auch dessen politische Verhältnisse in drei politischen Systemen vom Kaiserreich bis zum NS-Regime. Hierbei steht Nocht auch exemplarisch dafür, wie sich 'die Totalität dessen was Kolonialismus ist' (Jürgen Zimmerer) in einem gelebten Leben niederschlägt und wie kolonial geprägte Akteure den Kolonialismus weiter vorantrieben und beeinflussten. Diese Biografie ist eine Studie über sensationelle medizinische Erfolge, aber auch über rassistische Kolonialgewalt - von Nochts ersten Schritten als Marinearzt auf einem deutschen Kanonenboot in der Südsee bis zu seinem Freitod im Juni 1945...

Expertenwissen Tropenmedizin - Reisemedizin - Globale Gesundheit<BR><BR>Dieses Lehrbuch bietet einen Gesamtüberblick über alle Aspekte von Tropenerkrankungen, die sowohl für die Arbeit in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen als auch in Europa für die Betreuung von Fernreisenden und Menschen mit Migrationserfahrung von Bedeutung sind.<BR><BR>Dieses Werk informiert Sie umfassend über: - Alle relevanten infektiösen Tropenkrankheiten (virale und bakterielle Krankheiten, Mykosen, Protozoonosen, Helminthosen, Parasitosen)- Nicht infektiöse Tropenkrankheiten- Global Health- Medizin in den Tropen- Reisemedizinische Beratung, Impfprophylaxe, flug- und tauchmedizinische Aspekte- Arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge- Migrantenmedizin und Tätigkeiten in multikulturellen Kontexten- Management und Differenzialdiagnostik importierter ErkrankungenDas renommierte Herausgeberteam und über 140 Autorinnen und Autoren mit persönlicher Tropenerfahrung stehen für verlässliche Informationen aus erster Hand. Der Aufbau des Buches orientiert sich an den Anforderungen der Musterweiterbildung für die Zusatzbezeichnung Tropenmedizin und ist der ideale Begleiter für den Kurs „Reisemedizin“!<BR><BR>Dieses Buch ist geeignet für - Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die in der Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin, Medizin im Globalen Süden und Migrationsmedizin aktiv sind- Ärztinnen und Ärzte für Mikrobiologie, Virologie, Infektiologie und Infektionsepidemiologie- die Zusatzweiterbildung "Tropenmedizin" sowie den Kurs „Reisemedizin“

This book focuses on natural products, in particular medicinal plants and their derived products, as an indispensable source of bioactive molecules that serve as either drug candidates or lead compounds for drug design and discovery . There are several advantages for plant-derived therapeutics, including wide availability, diverse pharmacological actions, and a generally good profile of safety and tolerability. Over the recent years, there have been numerous reports from clinical studies testifying the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in treating human diseases. A plethora of basic studies has also unraveled molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of herbal medicines. Nevertheless, issues such as identification of bioactive ingredients, standardization of the products, and drug interactions remain to be systematically documented. Bioprospecting of Tropical Medicinal Plants represents a comprehensive analysis of natural products, mainly medicinal plants and phytochemicals. It includes detailed medicinal properties and pharmacological action from in vitro models to clinical trials. The goal is to present the readers a carefully curated collection of plant-derived natural products and their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Traditionelle Heilmethoden auf Basis von Pflanzen und Tieren sind seit Jahrhunderten Bestandteil der Heilkunde indigener Bevölkerungsgruppen. Von der modernen Medizin werden diese Methoden empirisch validiert und in klinische Behandlungen implementiert. Gegeben wird ein Überblick über ausgewählte Tiere bzw. Bestandteile derer, welche bei indigenen Bevölkerungen genutzt werden, um verschiedene Erkrankungen zu behandeln. Beschrieben werden verschiedene, herangezogene Tierarten, welche nach ihrem Anwendungspotential in Kategorien der modernen Medizin eingeordnet werden. Verschiedene indigenen Heil- und Behandlungsmethoden werden im historischen Kontext beschrieben. Nach aktuellen Studienergebnissen werden aus Tieren isolierte Substanzen und ihre Wirkungsweisen dargestellt. Gezeigt wird, dass unterschiedliche indigene Heilmethoden in aktuellen klinischen und pharmakologischen Anwendung gefunden haben. Von indigenen Volksgruppen am Amazonas wird das sogenannte Kambo des Frosches Phyllomedusa bicolor als Heilmittel verwendet. Das Sekret beinhaltet bioaktive Peptide, welche ähnliche Wirkungen wie Opiate und Morphinrezeptoren aufweisen und als Grundlage pharmakologischer Schmerztherapien dienen können. Bisher festgestellte Wirkungen zeigen Möglichkeiten potentieller Anwendung isolierter Substanzen. Notwendig sind Analysen über medikamentöse Dosierungen und toxikologischer Nebenwirkungen. Das Potential indigener Heilmethoden ist nicht vollständig ausgeschöpft und Möglichkeiten nebenwirkungsarmer und kosteneffizienter Therapien sind gegenwärtig noch weitestgehend unerforscht.

Souveräne Reise- und Impfberatung Ob Impfpass-Check oder reisemedizinische Beratung - mit dem Handbuch Impfen und Reisen haben Sie im Berufsalltag einen sicheren Begleiter an Ihrer Seite.Der übersichtlich gestaltete Impfstoff-Teil macht es möglich:- auf einen Blick alle wichtigen Informationen zu einem Impfstoff zur Hand zu haben,- bei Lieferengpässen zügig eine geeignete Alternative zu finden,- für besondere Patientengruppen eine Abschätzung über die Impfstoff-Eignung zu treffen. Zusätzlich stellt das Werk für 240 Länder auf DTG-Empfehlungen basierende, reisemedizinische Hinweise bereit.Abgerundet wird das Nachschlagewerk mit weiteren Informationen u.a. zur Malaria-Prophylaxe, dem Insektenschutz und der Zusammenstellung einer Reiseapotheke.

The history of the Loa loa parasite, its biology and experimental models.- Epidemiology and Public health importance.- The role of human host and parasite genetics in the outcome of loiasis.- Loiasis disease typical and atypical clinical manifestations, burden and local aspects of the disease.- Clinical aspects: Treatment of simple and complicated forms of loiasis.- Diagnosis of Loa loa: from blood identification to innovative approaches.- Immune mechanism in loiasis and interactions with other infections.- The Loa loa genome and potential immunological and therapeutic molecular targets with medicinal plants.

From the Wild is a herbal medicine cookbook offering a simple, resourceful, nature-based approach to healthy living. Qualified naturopath and medical herbalist Heidi Merika draws on her decades of experience to create delicious, nutritious, plant-based recipes and healing home remedies from 30 of the world's most common edible wild plants, from cat's ear to cobbler's pegs, dandelion to dock, and nasturtium to wild raspberry. Enjoy over 100 recipes including a spring salad full of wild edibles, nettle gnocchi verde and clover muffins, along with lantana itch balm, chickweed anti-inflammatory gel and St John's wort pain ointment. Including information on plant identification and foraging safely and sustainably, From the Wild is all you need to forage, cook and eat wild foods for abundant health.

In the realm of surgical pathology, specifically within regions endemic to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), this book serves as a comprehensive reference on nonclassical vascular risk factors from an epidemiological standpoint. It addresses the often-overlooked issue of vascular damage in patients afflicted with parasitic diseases and other NTDs. Current literature primarily consists of rare individual case reports and case series for each specific disease, making this book a valuable contribution to the field.The book describes various aspects related to vascular involvement in NTDs, including parasitological, vector borne diseases and snakebite-associated vascular lesions. Although these cases and their underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are rarely reported and remain understudied, this book describes the various nuances of surgical vascular pathology in this setting, encouraging further research in this area. Five main topics are covered: the vascular problems in patients with 1. Schistosomiasis, 2. Amebiasis, 3. Hydatidosis, 4. Lymphatic filariasis, and 5. Snakebites.This work raises awareness of these rarely reported diseases in areas where they are more common or in countries where they are imported, among physicians directly involved in the management of these cases. It serves as a guide to treatment from presentation through the various steps of patient care. The book is a reference for all professionals concerned with morbidity associated with neglected tropical diseases, particularly vascular morbidity of surgical interest, both research and clinical, in endemic and non-endemic settings. It is a valuable resource for the continuing education of health professionals working in this field. It serves as a textbook for vascular surgery fellows interested in non-classical cardiovascular risk factors leading to surgical conditions. This specific topic related to non-communicable comorbidities in diseases of parasitological interest is useful for parasitologists and public health specialists at master level and above.

Fully revised for its third edition, the Oxford Handbook of Expedition and Wilderness Medicine continues to be the essential resource for all expedition medics and well-informed travellers, as well as nurses, paramedics, medical students, and other expedition members travelling in remote, wilderness areas of the world. Now containing more guidance about caving medicine, the third edition includes revised and additional illustrations and essential maps of the spread of diseases. Clear and concise, readers can rely on this handbook to provide the key knowledge and practical advice they need. It enables efficient preparation and planning before the journey, advises on camp logistics, risk management, and medical problems during the expedition, as well as highlighting rare but important risks to those visiting remote areas. Focusing on preventative measures, it also contains chapters dealing with crisis management, emergency care, and evacuation from challenging environments, with guidance about the obligations of a clinician joining an expedition, ethical approaches to such work, and medicine in various extreme environments. This edition will give you the confidence and skills you need to travel to any extreme or remote environment. Incorporating the combined knowledge and experience of a team of experienced clinicians and expeditioners, this is a practical, easy-to-use guide to all aspects of expedition and wilderness medicine.

The book covers all uncommon ulcers of the extremities which remain a difficult diagnosis for clinicians most of the times. A variety of causes like metabolic, infective, rheumatoid, drug induced or inflammation may lead to ulcerations. Diagnosis of these ulceration is difficult as these diseases are systemic, and treatment is carried out by physicians but ulcers are managed by the surgeons. Any lacunae or gap in assessment or work-up may lead to failure in diagnosis and increased morbidity. This book provides a systematic and step wise approach to the differential diagnosis of every possible uncommon ulcers in the extremities with detailed work-up, flow chart and summary. The book is systematically designed to serve the purpose of covering every possible uncommon ulcer with elaborate clinical presentationin the background of etiology and pathogenesis with risk factors included investigations and treatment with medical, surgical options well discussed as per the requirement. The book includes illustrations, flow diagrams, images, charts and tables. The book provides every information clinically relevant and useful about the uncommon ulcers and serves as a complete resource for general surgeons, vascular surgeons, plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, surgical trainees, family physicians. It may also be useful for podiatrists, phlebologists, radiologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, neurologists, wound care nurses, physicians and primary care workers.

This is a thoroughly revised edition of a well-received reference work on helminthiases and their impact on worldwide public health. The carefully presented collection covers both common and neglected helminth infections. Readers will discover an up-date overview to helminth epidemiology (including molecular typing), specific biological, immunological and immunopathological aspects, diagnosis and latest perspectives of control. New contributions give particular attention to economic consequences of helminthiases, deworming programs and future public health approaches, as well as most recent findings in host immune responses.Helminths are long-lived multicellular organisms that have co-evolved with humans over many thousands of years. They are responsible for infections which affect around one fourth of the human population, at global level. Despite the huge efforts in research during the last years, effective control of helminth infections is still far from optimal standards and the resulting diseases remain neglected.The highly readable link of parasitological background and clinical application makes this book a valuable read not only for parasitologists but also physicians and medical students, health professionals as well as experts in public health issues.Moreover, all readers concerned with combating neglected parasitoses towards the Sustainable Development Goal SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) will understand the significance of this renewed volume.

This book reviews successes and (remaining) challenges in vaccine development for the selected Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) of Leprosy, Leishmaniasis, Meliodoisis and Tuberculosis, which are a continuous burden for millions of people in affected areas worldwide. Written by frontline researchers, the volume deep-dives into different vaccine strategies, provides biotechnological background information and also tackles animal models in NTD therapeutics research. By bringing together state-of-the-art expert knowledge, the book contributes to the aim of ultimately ending the epidemics of neglected tropical diseases, complying with UN Sustainable Development Goal 3, Health and Well-Being.The volume highlights the activities of the research network VALIDATE (VAccine deveLopment for complex Intracellular neglecteD pAThogEns), funded by the Medical Research Council in the UK. The four NTDs discussed in the book were selected as these are in the focus of VALIDATE's research.The book targets scientists and clinicians working on NTDs, as well as all readers with a background in biomedicine and interest in vaccine development.This is an open access book.

The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a generic measure of health effect that can be used in cost-effectiveness analysis as an alternative to the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Infectious diseases are one of the major to cause significant losses of DALY and QALY. Human infectious diseases are disorders that are triggered by the micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. The majority of such diseases are contagious and create a public health menace. There are several reasons why infectious diseases are deadly diseases, and one of the primary reasons is the drug resistance developed over time. Drug resistance-associated mutations are linked to increasing drug efflux, modifications of the drugs, or their targets. Every year, new drugs are being approved by FDA to treat infectious diseases. Nonetheless, the infectious diseases will undoubtedly persist as permanent and main threats to humanity for now and in the future.A total of four books are covered under the series of Infectious drug diseases.- Malarial drug delivery systems- Tubercular drug delivery systems- Viral drug delivery systems- Infectious disease drug delivery systemsInfectious diseases are the world's greatest killers that present one of the most significant health and security challenges. Humans have lived with emerging and re-emerging pathogens since before the documented history of civilization. The only determining fact today is - If the situation is "worse" or "better" than in past. The answer is probably "worse", may be due significant increase in human population, increased cross-continent mobility, imbalanced (stressed) life style, irregular food habits leading to compromised innate immunity and over or under practiced hygiene routine. When the incidence of such a disease in people increases over 20 years or threatens to increase, it is called an "emerging" disease, and a growing number have made watch lists andheadlines in nearly every country -like highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola virus, food- and waterborne illnesses, and a range of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial diseases TB. This book addresses current and new therapy developments in treating such infectious diseases, updates on finding new drugs, identification of innovative diagnostic methods, understanding of disease research models and clinical trials performances of new treatment modalities.Audiences from a broad range of groups, from researchers, academicians, and public health bodies to regulatory experts, can benefit from the compiled information to learn more about patient needs and current research advances in the field of infectious diseases and related research.

This book reviews successes and (remaining) challenges in vaccine development for the selected Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) of Leprosy, Leishmaniasis, Meliodoisis and Tuberculosis, which are a continuous burden for millions of people in affected areas worldwide. Written by frontline researchers, the volume deep-dives into different vaccine strategies, provides biotechnological background information and also tackles animal models in NTD therapeutics research. By bringing together state-of-the-art expert knowledge, the book contributes to the aim of ultimately ending the epidemics of neglected tropical diseases, complying with UN Sustainable Development Goal 3, Health and Well-Being.The volume highlights the activities of the research network VALIDATE (VAccine deveLopment for complex Intracellular neglecteD pAThogEns), funded by the Medical Research Council in the UK. The four NTDs discussed in the book were selected as these are in the focus of VALIDATE's research.The book targets scientists and clinicians working on NTDs, as well as all readers with a background in biomedicine and interest in vaccine development.This is an open access book.

This edited volume covers all aspects of the Neglected Tropical Disease Scabies. The contributions are organised into four themed parts. The first part reviews the history of the disease and its treatment and management, part two is dedicated to parasitology and basic research on the disease causing parasite, Sarcoptes scabei. Epidemiology and disease burden including public health issues are discussed in the third part in detail. The last section of the book is covering clinical manifestation and management. This volume is the first one of its kind, providing an insight into all aspects of the skin disease which is causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Chapters are all written by dedicated experts in their respective area of interest making the publication a must have for all scientists and clinicians as well as public health specialists dedicated to Scabies research in any aspect.

Bei der aufgeheizten politischen Debatte um sprachliche Grenzen und diskriminierende Wortverwendungen, stellt sich die Frage, welche Wörter man benutzen darf. Wo liegen beispielsweise die Unterschiede zwischen 'Farbiger' und 'Person of Color'? Dieses Buch erläutert, wieso das N-Wort aus der Sprache verschwindet, und hinterfragt kritisch, welche vergangenen Denkmuster in Wörtern wie 'Naturvolk', 'Eingeborene' und 'Tropenmedizin' stecken. Die Kulturwissenschaftlerin Susan Arndt setzt sich entlang konkreter Beispiele mit dem kolonialen Erbe in unserer Sprache auseinander. Darüber hinaus diskutiert sie die Zusammenhänge zwischen Sprache und Macht. Sie zeigt, welche Möglichkeiten wir haben, mit der kolonialen Vergangenheit in unserer Sprache umzugehen und wie neuere Begriffsverwendungen, wie 'Indigene Menschen' oder 'weiß', Alternativen bieten.

Chapter 1. Introductory Chapter: The Importance of Heat Shock Proteins in Survival and Pathogenesis of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum.- Chapter 2. General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones.- Chapter 3. The Role of Hsp70s in the Development and Pathogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum.- Chapter 4. Role of the J Domain Protein Family in the Survival and Pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum. Chapter 5. Role of Hsp90 in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria.- Chapter 6. The Role of Malaria Parasite Heat Shock Proteins in Protein Trafficking and Remodelling of Red Blood Cells.- Chapter 7. Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Immune Modulation in Malaria.- Chapter 8. Bioprospecting for Novel Heat Shock Protein Modulators: The New Frontier for Antimalarial Drug Discovery?.- Chapter 9. Heat Shock Proteins as Targets for Novel Antimalarial Drug Discovery.- Chapter 10.- Heat Shock Proteins of Malaria: Highlights and Future Prospects.

The Oxford Handbook of Tropical Medicine, fifth edition is the definitive resource for medical problems in tropical regions, and in low-resource settings. Comprehensive in scope, and concise in style, this portable guide ensures that you always have the vital information you need at your fingertips.Fully revised and updated for its fifth edition, it is now even better than ever. The chapter on HIV medicine has been significantly updated, and other revisions include up-to-date guidance on viruses such as COVID-19 and Ebola, improved vaccine regimens, and rabies prophylaxis. With the clear, easy-reference style of the trusted Oxford Handbook format, written and reviewed by an international team of clinical experts, this is a truly global handbook and an essential resource. Make sure you never leave home without it!

A highly disabling infectious disease in developing countries, leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and is still very relevant for the human community due to its transmissible nature, variable presentation and composite clinical picture. Early identification of leprosy and Buruli ulcer (also caused by a Mycobacterium, M. ulcerans) is critical to prevent spreading and patient disability and to establish appropriate therapy. This richly illustrated, completely revised second edition of Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer describes the characteristic signs of both these diseases, and contents include abnormalities of the skin, nerves, eyes, hands, feet, testes and bone. It also presents the latest diagnostic tools to identify and quantify organ damage to enable readers to recognize and treat this composite systemic disorder, which can represent a true medical emergency if affecting eyes, nerves, and kidneys. Further, it includes additional chapters on leprosy in childhood, prophylaxis and vaccines. For both leprosy and Buruli ulcer, this handy guide helps practitioners and nursing personnel to spot the different clinical manifestations, make a prompt diagnosis and apply effective treatment of both these diseases.

This book introduces the changing patterns of schistosomiasis transmission in China at different stages. Arduous efforts have been made in the last 7 decades to control and eliminate schistosomiasis in China using various control strategies, such as snail control to reduce the intensity of the disease transmission, morbidity control to reduce disease prevalence, and integrated control strategies to block the disease transmission, supported by governments at different levels.This book also presents the scientific progresses which technically support the control and surveillance of schistosomiasis in the field. It summarizes the working mechanism and control strategies of multi-sectoral collaboration to promote the national control programme leading to schistosomiasis elimination eventually.

This specially curated collection features six reviews of current and key research on genetic modification of crops.The first chapter reviews key challenges facing banana production, primarily the risk of species decimation by diseases such as Fusarium wilt, and considers how genetic modification may be a solution to this.The second chapter discusses the development and establishment of 'Golden Rice' - a biofortified variety designed as a health intervention to help alleviate the problem of vitamin A deficiency.The third chapter details recent advances in the genetic modification of important agronomic traits of soybean crops, such as herbicide tolerance and insect resistance. The fourth chapter addresses progress in and prospects for transgenic interventions in the improvement of grain legumes, concentrating on chickpea, pigeonpea, cowpea and more.The fifth chapter reviews recent research efforts in the production of genetically modified (GM) oil palm plants and looks towards establishing stable lines of commercially viable GM varieties.The final chapter describes recent progress relating to transgenic modification of cassava and how future research can strengthen food security and commercialization of the crop.

Since the 1980s, agriculture and plant breeding have changed with the development of molecular marker technology. In recent decades, different types of molecular markers have been used for different purposes: mapping, marker-assisted selection, characterization of genetic resources, etc. These have produced effective genotyping, but the results have been costly and time-consuming due to the small number of markers that could be tested simultaneously. Recent advances in molecular marker technologies such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, genotyping by sequencing, and the release of the genome sequences of major crop plants have opened new possibilities for advancing crop improvement. This Special Issue collects 16 research studies, including the application of molecular markers in 11 crop species, from the generation of linkage maps and diversity studies to the application of marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction.