Physiologie

This handbook is a practical guide covering pertinent topics in the specialty of Oral Medicine, which focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and management of local and systemic conditions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. Each topic covers a specific disease or disorder with overarching emphasis on diseases presenting with oral mucosal involvement and orofacial pain conditions. Each topic is presented as a summary of key clinical information for quick reference prepared by leading experts in the field. This clinical guide will serve as a valuable resource for students and clinicians in practice.

This textbook explores the fundamental qualitative and quantitative aspects of veterinary physiology. It presents the morphological description of the organs, tissues, and cells involved in the physiological system with species variation. The book provide the most up-to-date information and in depth knowledge in animal physiology. The book addresses a broad range of topics, including the physiology of digestion in, monogastric animals, ruminants, and birds, and cardio vascular and respiratory system in different animals. The chapters contain a wealth of information on the areas related to the endocrine system, excretory system, body fluid homeostasis, hematology, male and female reproductive systems, coordination of body functions, and regulation of brain functions and sense organs. Further, this book acquaints students with advanced topics like immune system, assisted reproductive technology, ovarian dynamics, environmental physiology and thermoregulation, and behavioral physiology. This textbook contains clear illustrations including graphical abstracts and study questions for each chaptermaking this book a valuable learning resource for veterinary sciences and veterinary medicine students.Further to attract students and create interest in them, interesting facts related to animal physiology have also been highlighted in form of "Know more widges".¿

This is meant to be the 10th volume of the series Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World. Similarly, to the previous volumes, the work will deal -in a monographic form- with MAPs characteristic/famous or simply known of Turkey, a large country that is connecting Europe with Asia. Turkey has extremely rich and varied topographic/ecologic conditions. As a result, the flora of Turkey abounds in an astonishingly great number of endemic MAP species. Traditional, present and possible prospective uses will be discussed. Scientific and technological achievements will be equally presented. Briefly, the volume is aimed to look carefully at our present knowledge of this vast interdisciplinary domain of medicinal and aromatic plants with a focus on Turkey. In the era of global climate change and Covid-pandemics, building on the huge Turkish traditions, the proposed volume of the series is expected to make an important contribution to the better knowledge and understanding of the MAP wealth of the World.

This edited book explores the breadth of approaches undertaken by scientists, artists and communicators in their crucial role making science accessible, engaging and impactful. Contemporary approaches in science illustration and visualization include a variety of creative methodologies that are valuable for effective communication, teaching, learning and professional practice. These range in method from anatomical drawings used in medical curricula, to 2D animations and editorial illustrations available in the public realm. They also include unexpected approaches such as the use of tabletop board games, comics and collage in understanding our bodies, emergent health threats and cutting-edge science developments. If you are a scientist seeking to enhance your ability to communicate your research or an artist interested in biomedical visualization, this volume serves as an introduction to contemporary approaches in science illustration and communication. By understanding the creative methods and techniques employed in this field, we can collectively work towards fostering a deeper appreciation of art in science, and continue to captivate and inspire audiences worldwide.

This contributed volume covers all aspects of small indigenous fish for nutritional and livelihood security. The availability, descriptions and identification of common small indigenous fish provides potential and prospects of fish production from inland open water system. In addition, individual chapters are added on growth, feeding, diseases and health management of these small fishes. Essential information is provided on packaging and transport of these fishes. Specific chapters provide information on nutritional value of fishes, value addition and product development by using small indigenous fish species in different regions of the country. Further topics include small fishes of ornamental value, indigenous technical knowledge, climate change impact, conservation and management of small indigenous fish diversity. This book supports the academicians, farmers, entrepreneurs and fisheries professionals involved in gaining the knowledge and skills needed to contribute in nutritional and livelihood security of the nation.

This open access book presents the findings from on-site research into radioactive cesium contamination in various agricultural systems affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. This fourth volume in the series reports on studies undertaken at contaminated sites such as farmland and forests, focusing on soil, water, mountain, agricultural products, and animals. It also provides additional data collected in the subsequent years to show how the radioactivity levels in agricultural products and their growing environments have changed with time and the route by which radioactive materials entered agricultural products as well as their movement between different components (e.g., soil, water, and trees) within an environmental system (e.g., forests). The book covers various topics, including radioactivity testing of food products; decontamination trials for rice and livestock production; the state of contamination in, trees, mushrooms, and timber; thedynamics of radioactivity distribution in paddy fields and upland forests; damage incurred by the forestry and fishery industries; and the change in consumers' attitudes. In the series of this book, a real-time radioisotope imaging system has been introduced, a pioneering technique to visualize the movement of cesium in soil and in plants. This is the only book to provide systematic data on the actual change of radioactivity, which is of great value to all researchers who wish to understand the effect of radioactive fallout on agriculture. In addition, it helps the general public better understand radio-contamination issues in the environment. The project is ongoing; the research groups from the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences of The University of Tokyo continue their work in the field further to evaluate the long-term effects of the Fukushima accident.

This book summarizes the current knowledge of anthocyanins, provides systematic information for future exploration of anthocyanin applications. It focuses on several aspects regarding the studying progression in the field of anthocyanins. The first section of the book provides a brief introduction to the scope and progress on anthocyanins, which is followed by the second section that describes the natural sources, structure, extraction approaches, bioavailability, and current stabilizing approach of anthocyanins. Then in the third part, the book focuses on the industrial processing of anthocyanins in foods by discussing the impact of food processing on anthocyanin structure and composition as well as classical processing techniques on anthocyanin-containing foods, including high-pressure, encapsulation, microwave, and combined application of the above techniques. In the last section of the book, the authors explore the currently most popular application of anthocyanins in improving human health, such as the effect of anthocyanin on vision, metabolism, neural system, cardiovascular system, and cancers. The book will facilitate readers' understanding of the progress of anthocyanin studies. And it will benefit researchers and graduate students in the fields of natural products, functional food, and nutrition, etc.

This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.

This book caters to the need of researchers working in the ever-evolving field of agricultural biotechnology. It discusses and provides in-depth information about latest advancements happening in this field. The book discusses evolution of plant tissue culture techniques, development of doubled haploids technology, role of recombinant-DNA technology in crop improvement. It also provides an insight into the global status of genetically modified crops, use of RNAi technology and mi-RNAs in plant improvement. Chapters are also dedicated for different branches of 'omics' science including genomics, bioinformatics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics along with the use of molecular markers in tagging and mapping of various genes/QTLs of agronomic importance. This book also covers the role of enzymes and microbes in agriculture in productivity enhancement. It is of interest to teachers, researchers of biotechnology and agriculture scientists. Also the book serves as additional readingmaterial for undergraduate and postgraduate students of biotechnology, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international biotechnologists and agricultural scientists will also find this to be a useful read.

This book highlights the latest findings and techniques related to nutrition and feed efficiency in animal agriculture. It addresses the key challenges facing the nutrition industry to achieve high animal productivity with minimal environmental impact. The concept of smart nutrition involves the use of smart technologies in the feeding and management of livestock.The first chapters focus on advances in biological fields such as molecular agriculture and genotype selection, as well as technologies that enhance or enable the collection of relevant information. The next section highlights applications of smart nutrition in a variety of livestock systems, ranging from intensive indoor housing of broilers and pigs to extensive outdoor housing of cattle and sheep, and marine fish farms. Finally, because of the worldwide attention to this issue, the authors address the environmental consequences.This work, which takes a serious look at how nutrition can be usedto improve sustainability in animal agriculture, is a key literature for readers in animal and veterinary sciences, the food industry, sustainability research, and agricultural engineering.

This edited book is collection of information on molecular interventions needed for climate-resilient forage crops. The main focus is to address the gap in the advanced scientific knowledge for the forage species. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate, and even slight change in climatic factors such as temperature causes tremendous losses in yield potential. Forage crops are crucial in global food security and environmental sustainability and face several environmental challenges in field conditions. However, the research on forage crops is far-off compared to agricultural crops and causes a substantial gap in forage demand and productivity. Further, this gap is directly associated with animal health, reproduction, and productivity. Abiotic stresses mainly affect the plant's crucial processes, ultimately reducing the final yield. The problem of abiotic stresses is more frequent in forage crops as they are growing and cultivated in less productive soil and harsh conditions. This book discusses current aspects of crucial physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in forage crops, which are essential for forage crops improvement. The text's major focus is on the advanced technologies and approaches such as seed priming, bio-fortification, breeding, omics, transgenic and bioengineering of metabolic pathways in unique ways, which helps us develop innovative solutions for forage crops. This book covers all the crucial advance technologies, which help mitigate the abiotic stresses in forage crops. We believe that this book will initiate and introduce the readers to state-of-the-art developments and unique in this field of study. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists and policymakers will also find this a worthwhile read.

This book is a comprehensive collection of information on the role of plant phenolics in stress management in plants. The main focus of this book is to address the abiotic stress management in plants by plant phenolics under varied environments. Plant metabolic networks contribute significantly to the plasticity of plant metabolism, which is required to afford the sessile lifestyle of a land plant under changing environmental conditions. In natural systems, plants face a plethora of antagonists and thus possess a myriad of defenses and have evolved multiple defense mechanisms by which they can cope with various kinds of stresses for adaptation. Plant phenolics being ubiquitous have been extracted from every plant part such as roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds and thus plays important role in adapting the plants to the varied environment. The book will provide readers with an up-to-date review of this dynamic field and sets the direction for future research. This book is of interest and use to a diverse range of topics of regulation of abiotic stress in plants. Bringing together work from leading international researchers, it is also a valuable reading material for plant and agricultural scientists, academics, researchers, students, and teachers wanting to gain insights into the role of plant phenolics in stress management in plants for sustainable agriculture.

Bio-based materials, including those containing wood, will become increasingly important as we move to a bio-based economy. Among their many attributes, it is vitally important that these materials are renewable, sustainable with proper management and environmentally benign. Wood remains one of our most important bio-based materials. While it is an amazing material, wood still has negative attributes and drawbacks that can affect performance, including dimensional instability when wetted, vulnerability to fire and high temperatures, and susceptibility to biodeterioration. A variety of treatments have been developed to overcome these weaknesses. Among the most exciting of these treatments are nanomaterials. These materials have some exceptionally attractive properties for improving timber performance and have been the subject of intensive research over the past decade. There is a tremendous need for a single comprehensive source of information on this rapidly emerging subject withtremendous potential to enhance the performance of a variety of bio-based materials. This book contains 10 chapters, each compiled by different author(s) who are considered the top researcher(s) in their respective fields. The chapters begin with some basic background on nanomaterials and their synthesis, then explore different areas for potential applications and conclude with a review of the emerging questions about nanomaterial safety. The book is designed to provide the latest information and know-how on application and utilization of different nanomaterials to improve the properties of wood and wood-based composite panels. The contents cover some main topics in the industry including improving physical and mechanical properties, increasing resistance to biodegradation (including fungi and insects), developing wood-plastic composites (WPC), applying nanomaterials in paper and board industry, and emergence of transparent wood and radiation shielding. It also covers the use of nanomaterials to improve the performance of paints and finishes used for forest products. The book provides a single location for those interested in the field to begin.

This volume discusses renal function and the mechanisms by which the kidney regulates the composition and volume of the extracellular fluid. It also highlights the role of the kidney in the development and progression of arterial hypertension. Most textbooks of renal physiology are based in mammalians physiology and mostly human physiology of the kidney, but the authors considered that this book should also include other species to include the broad spectrum of students and researchers in the life and biomedical sciences. In this sense, we included chapters such as comparative osmoregulation in non-mammalian vertebrates and we emphasize that in vertebrates like fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds, the kidneys and extrarenal organs are vital to maintain fluid homeostasis. The purpose of the book is to provide a concise frame of knowledge in a clear and direct language, of the renal function to medical and biological sciences students. In the context of normal renal function, we providepathophysiological basis for chronic renal diseases and hypertension with the participation of renal vasoactive hormones. This book is used as textbook in several physiology courses for medical, nursing and biological sciences students at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Finis Terrae University, Universidad San Sebastian as well as other universities.

This book uniquely presents conceptual understanding as well as advancements in the field of endocrinology. It emphasizes the harmonization between the function and the structure of different endocrine glands in the body. The book's initial chapters introduce hormones' biological synthesis, structure, function, and signaling pathways. The subsequent chapters examine the functional relationship between hypothalamus and pituitary gland and its leading and regulating roles on other endocrine and non- endocrine organs. A separate chapter discusses the synergistic functions of adrenal glands and pineal gland in the circadian rhythm and analyze the role of corticoids in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism. Furthermore, the book addresses the role of growth hormones, prolactin, gonads regulating hormones, adrenocorticotropin, thyroid hormones, parathormone, gluco- and mineral corticoids, insulin and glucagon, Physiology of bone remodeling is presented with the role of parathyroid glands, C cells and vitamin D explaining the bone as an endocrine organ. The regulation of male and female reproductive functions is represented well. Lastly, the book reviews the novel endocrine role and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue as an endocrine tissue and its relationship to inflammatory diseases, insulin resistance and many metabolic disorders. The book introduces key parts for endocrine's stem cell in each gland is discussed in term of its survival, proliferation, migration, homing, differentiation and its regeneration and remodeling roles.

This book reports on fundamental research, cutting-edge technologies and industrially-relevant applications in biomedical engineering. It covers methods for analysis, modeling and simulation of biological systems, reporting on the development and design of advanced biosensors, nanoparticles and wearable devices. It covers applications in disease monitoring and therapy, tissue engineering, sport and rehabilitation, and telehealth. It also reports on engineering methods for improving and monitoring medical service, and on advanced robotic applications. Gathering the proceedings of the XLV Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Biomédica (CNIB2022), organised by the Mexican Society of Biomedical Engineering, this book offers a timely snapshot on technologies and methods in bioengineering, and on challenges related to their practical implementation in the health sector.

Plants create a dynamic micro-biosphere in the soil, around the roots, called as 'rhizosphere', which harbors diverse number of microorganisms for sustaining their growth and development. A soil with diverse and multi-traits microbial communities is considered healthy to enhance crop productivity. In the last decades, rhizosphere biology has gained attention due to unraveling of new mechanisms, processes and molecules in the rhizosphere that contributes towards the promotion of plant productivity. The rhizospheric microbes and associated processes are being utilized for harnessing potential of soils in effective and sustainable functioning in the agro-ecosystems. Broadly, the book discusses rhizospheric microbes and their role in modulating functions of soil and crop plant. Specifically, it highlights conventional and modern aspects of rhizosphere microbes such as - microbiome in the rhizosphere, microbes as an indicator and promoter of soil health, rhizosphere microbes as biofertilizer, biostimulator and biofortifyer, microbial signaling in the rhizosphere, recent tools in deciphering rhizobiome, and regulatory mechanisms for commercialization of biofertilizer, biopesticide and biostimulator. The book is useful for agriculture scientist, biotechnologist, plant pathologist, mycologist, and microbiologist, farming community, scientist of R&D organization, as well as teaching community, researcher and student and policy maker.

Preface.- Global Importance and Cycling of Nanoparticles.- Environmental Emissions of Nanoparticles.- Bio- and Geo-Transformation and Bioavailability of Nanoparticles.- Interaction of Nanoparticles to Soil Pollutants.- Impact of Nanoparticles to Soil Systems.- Too Much or Too Little? A Review of the Connundrum of Nanoparticles.- Application and Use of Nanoelements in Combating Plant Nutrition.- Role of Nanoparticles in Remediation of Contaminated Soils.- Biochemical, Molecular and Ultrastructural Aspects in Phytoremediation of Nanoparticles Subjected to Unfertilized Soil.- Nanomaterials: A New Approach in Biofortification.- Applications and Implications of Nano-Fertilizers in Food Industries.- Nanobiosensors Based on Agri-Biomass.- Nanoparticles Uptake and Translocation in Plants.- Risks and Concerns of Use of Nanoparticles in Agriculture.- Mechanism of Nanoparticles Mediated Alleviating Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Agricultural Crops.- Role of Nanoparticles in Environment, Human, and Animals Under Contaminated Soil.- Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Aspects of nanoparticles Interactions with Plant Systems.- Nanoparticles and its Effects on Growth, Yield, and Crop Quality Cultivated Under Polluted Soil.- Impact of nanoparticles of Modulations of Genes and Secondary Metabolites in Plants.- Interaction of Nanoparticles with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Polluted Soil.- Interaction of Nanomaterials with Plant Metabolism.- Bibliography.- Index.

This book discusses table and hatching eggs, quality-based grading of eggs, pre-incubation, incubation, hatching and post-hatch monitoring period, and how the next-generation management of these process can be enriched by informatics through non-destructive technologies, signal processing, machine learning, AI, IoT applications, etc. This book will be a beneficial resource for egg and poultry science researchers, avian biologists and ecologists, developmental biologists, agricultural engineers, advanced graduate and postgraduate students, and poultry production industry stakeholders.¿

This book collates various aspects of stress tolerance in crop plants. It primarily focuses on the heat and temperature related stress, starting from the severity of the problem on quantity and quality of yield under the threat of global climate change. The content also explores other mechanistic dimensions such as physiochemical and molecular mechanism underlying thermotolerance, signaling mechanism under heat stress, role of heat shock proteins in modulating thermotolerance, omics approach for development of climate smart-crop. Chapters discuss different approaches used in the past to develop heat stress tolerant crop plants, list of developed thermotolerant agriculturally important crop plants, redox homeostasis under heat stress, nutrient uptake and use efficiency in plants under heat stress and much more. The book is a useful compilation for researchers working in the area of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants, as well as for students of plant physiology and agricultural sciences.

Dieses Buch ist den wichtigsten wissenschaftlichen Ereignissen rund um die Geschichte und Physiologie der Verdauung in Russland gewidmet. Das Fundament der modernen Wissenschaft auf diesem Gebiet wurde durch die gemeinsame Arbeit von Wissenschaftlern aus Deutschland, Österreich, Großbritannien, Frankreich und dem damaligen Russischen Reich gelegt. Schon damals war Wissenschaft global. Die Bedeutung dieser Periode in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte und die Errungenschaften einer Reihe russischer Wissenschaftler werden in diesem Werk dargestellt. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.