Neurobiologie

This book develops an evolutionary theory of crime. Both evolutionary theory and neurocriminology are growing fields that are attracting more and more interest for criminologists and wider fields alike. This book summarises important readings that relate to retribution and punishment and presents some neurocriminological findings. In addition, the book introduces a new methodology for the study of crime: a game theory experiment adapted from the field of behavioural economics. Overall, the book synthesises the key crime literature, presents a new theory of crime in a new field of evolutionary criminology and the methodology to study it, and provides empirical results in support of the theory. For any evolutionary and neuroscientist interested in deviance, this book offers a new model which is testable using more complex methods such as MRI scanners and survival simulations.

This new edition of Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy addresses all issues relating to drug-resistance in epilepsy, including studies in patients as well in experimental models and presents the basis for an understanding of recent developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition. Important issues associated with drug-resistant epilepsy are reviewed and updated, such as abnormalities in inhibitory mechanisms, neurotoxicity and changes the immune system associated with this disorder, and the development of drug-resistance as consequence of chronic exposure to antiseizure-medications. Considering that a major obstacle is that epilepsy associated with drug-resistance cannot be controlled with the traditional antiseizure medications, specific chapters describe therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the progression of the disease with complementary medical therapies, such as transcranial focal stimulation to promote neuroprotection. Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy is a valuable resource for anyone working in the field, whether studying epilepsy in the lab or treating it in an office.

This book demonstrates the beneficial effects in brain circuits involving memory and attention, reward and social values, decision making and coordination, creativity and persistence of the skills and expertise of continuing education and exposure to the Arts; including chess practice, music/counting, college education and watching movies. These activities were reviewed and investigated using full-spectrum, advanced quantitative imaging techniques. The book highlights extensive applications for this research in common diseases, together with cutting-edge and full-spectrum static and dynamic, functional and structural, regional and inter-network, imaging and phenotypic scales. It will capture the interest of researchers in the areas of neurodevelopmental, neuroplasticity and neuropsychiatric imaging and correlation, as well as disease diagnosis and treatment, and could help convey the methodological innovation and neuroscientific applications of important educational, health and arts/science-related topics.

'Das wohl umfassendste Werk, das sich je dem Zusammenleben der Menschen gewidmet hat.' Die ZeitDer New-York-Times-Bestseller erstmalig im TaschenbuchRobert Sapolsky legt Schicht für Schicht die Ursachen und Biologie des menschlichen Verhaltens frei. Warum sind Menschen mal aggressiv, mal einfühlsam?Der Neurobiologe schlüsselt in seinem Standardwerk Schritt für Schritt sämtliche Faktoren auf, die zu Gewalt oder Mitgefühl führen: - Was passiert Sekundenbruchteile vor einer Gräueltat im Gehirn? - Welche Sinnesreize wirken Sekunden oder Minuten vor einem Akt des Mitgefühls auf uns ein?- Wie stimulieren Hormone Stunden oder Tage vorher das Nervensystem? - Welche Rolle spielen Umwelt, Erziehung und Kultur, und welche die Gene? - Und was hat die Evolution damit zu tun, dass wir morden oder unseren Nächsten lieben? Sapolskys faszinierende Analyse lässt uns jede Tat als komplexes Zusammenspiel biologischer und psychologischer Einflüsse begreifen. "Gewalt und Mitgefühl" ist eine grandiose Synthese der Wissenschaft vom menschlichen Verhalten. Und ein Buch, das vollkommen neue Wege aufzeigt, die Kontrolle über unser Handeln zurückzugewinnen - und damit die Gewalt einzudämmen.'Eine eigensinnige und bahnbrechende Synthese von Neurobiologie und Psychologie. Darwin wäre begeistert gewesen.' THE NEW YORK TIMES

Attention is an issue of urgent concern. What we pay attention to is our life: Attention is our brain's boss, determining what we focus on, how we perceive the world, and ultimately, what we experience. And yet many of us are feeling distracted, scattered, and ineffective, and looking for real solutions - not sticking plasters. In a work culture that expects us to be available at all times, we struggle to both accomplish our career goals and remain present and engaged for the passing, priceless moments of our lives with our children, partners, families, and friends.In PEAK MIND Dr Jha unpacks her decades of research on the science of attention and its power to define our lives: what we experience, how we remember it, and what we can achieve. PEAK MIND will take us on a journey into the inner workings of our own brains, revealing how we can use the latest insights in neuroscience to realise our own potential. It will take readers behind the scenes into fascinating new studies and research, debunking common assumptions and offering stunning new insight into where presence, purpose, and mental fitness really come from.Through her work with those in high stress, high consequence professions (soldiers, firefighters, athletes, and more), she reveals her discovery that of all the cognitive training techniques and gadgets she's tested in her lab, only one results in improvements to attention and performance: mindfulness practice.Through multiple studies in the lab and in the field, Dr. Jha has scaled down her training program to reach the lower limit of training time, and a minimum required dose - 12 minutes daily - for people with limited time (i.e. almost all of us) who nevertheless want to protect and improve their attention and cognition.

This book focuses on asymmetries in brain structure and their role in emotional functions (such as amygdala in emotional comprehension, the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex in the integration between cognition and emotion and in the control of emotional reactions, and the anterior insula in the experience of emotions).The idea of hemispheric asymmetries in emotional comprehension and expression was first proposed about a century after the first studies showing that the left hemisphere is dominant for language, but it quickly became very popular. Initial investigations considered the right and left hemispheres as single functional units, but in the last few years several researchers have focused attention on asymmetries in brain structures playing a critical role in specific components of emotional functions.Furthermore, interesting data have been obtained by studying emotional and behavioural disorders of patients with asymmetrical forms of frontal or temporal variants of fronto-temporal degeneration.Elaborating on these subjects requires, on the one hand, a consolidated understanding of how models concerning the relationships between emotions and hemispheric asymmetries evolved in time and, on the other hand, a sound interdisciplinary knowledge of psychology (nature, components and hierarchical organization of emotions) and neuroscience (neuroanatomy). This volume - intended for neurologists, neuroscientists and psychologists - pursues an organic and consistent approach to provide an overview of these complex and fascinating issues.

The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, has a high metabolic demand. The physiology of the brain is such that it is easily affected by alterations in other systems, which in turn can compromise cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Together the brain and spinal cord control the automatic function of our body systems. While other systems of body controls individual functions, central nervous system at the same time does many different functions, especially, controlling the function of other systems. This interaction between the brain and other systems is important when it comes to understanding how injuries to the brain can, at times, produce complications in remote organs or systems of the body, such as the lungs. This book explains the lesser-known crosstalks between acutely or chronically affected brain and lung, describing the pathophysiology of the lung following brain injury and discussing in detail the conflicts between the brain and lungs in relation to the tidal volumes, positive end-expiratory pressures, arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, recruitment maneuvers and positioning, as well as potential therapeutic targets.

Dit boek laat zien hoe neuropsychologische problematiek kan interfereren bij psychotherapeutische behandeling. Door hier meer op te focussen, kun je effectiever behandelen en misdiagnostiek voorkomen. Het beschrijft welke problemen je kan tegenkomen bij de behandeling, en welke kennis van neuropsychologische stoornissen nodig is bij aanvang en tijdens de behandeling. Tevens biedt het boek praktische handvatten voor de behandeling in de klinische praktijk.De rol van neuropsychologie in de psychotherapie is opgebouwd uit drie delen. Het algemene gedeelte gaat over de relatie tussen psychotherapie en neurowetenschappen, over kwetsbaarheid en veerkracht en over ontwikkelingsneuropsychologische perspectieven. In het tweede praktijkgericht deel komen de meest voorkomende psychische en psychiatrische problemen aan de orde, zoals depressie, chronische vermoeidheid, posttraumatisch stressstoornissen, ADHD en somatische symptoomstoornissen. Ook leest u over de mogelijke inzet van E-health bij de behandeling van deze patiënten. Deel drie, het tweede praktijkgerichte deel, richt zich op de gevolgen van niet aangeboren hersenletsel (NAH), zoals de identiteit na een NAH, beperkte cognitieve stoornissen, emotionele problemen en gesprekstherapie na hersenletsel. Daarnaast komt ook de mogelijke inzet van E-health bij behandeling van NAH aan de orde.Het boek richt zich op psychologen, psychotherapeuten en psychiaters werkzaam in de ggz. Het boek is eveneens goed bruikbaar binnen de diverse ggz-opleidingen.

GB

Functional Neurologic Disorders, the latest volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, summarizes state-of-the-art research findings and clinical practice on this class of disorders at the interface between neurology and psychiatry. This 51-chapter volume offers an historical introduction, chapters on epidemiology and pathophysiolology, a large section on the clinical features of different type of functional neurologic symptoms and disorders (including functional movement disorders, non-epileptic seizures, dizziness, vision, hearing, speech and cognitive symptoms), and then concluding with approaches to therapy. This group of internationally acclaimed experts in neurology, psychiatry, and neuroscience represent a broad spectrum of areas of expertise, chosen for their ability to write clearly and concisely with an eye toward a clinical audience. This HCN volume sets a new landmark standard for a comprehensive, multi-authored work dealing with functional neurologic disorders (also described as psychogenic, dissociative or conversion disorders).

Müller cells may be used in the future for novel therapeutic strategies to protect neurons against apoptosis (for example, somatic gene therapy), or to differentiate retinal neurons from Müller/stem cells. Meanwhile, a proper understanding of the gliotic responses of Müller cells in the diseased retina, and of their protective vs. detrimental effects, is essential for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies that use and stimulate the neuron-supportive/-protective - and prevent the destructive - mechanisms of gliosis.

This volume of the Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology focuses on molecular events involved in synapse formation, synaptic plasticity and ongoing neural activity. The volume explores axonal growth cones, synapse development, and mechanisms of LTP and LTD, and calcium dynamics. Particular attention is given to function and trafficking of membrane proteins including various ion channels, aquaporines, gap junctions.

Contents include: 'Biochemistry and molecular biology of neural lipids', 'Advances in lipid analysis/lipidomics', 'Metabolism and enzymology of glycerolipids', 'Lipid metabolism in brain development and aging', 'Cellular and subcellular localization of neural lipids', and much more.

InJuly 1982 the first Dartmouth workshop on the corpus callosum took place. A nucleus of basic and clinical scientists was convened to give progress reports of their work on the corpus callosum. This text was subsequently compiled by the various participants from these reports modified by a stimulating cross­ fertilization of ideas and subsequent studies. Four and one-half decades have intervened since Van Wagenen first sectioned the corpus callosum for epilepsy (Van Wagenen and Herren, 1940) and Erickson (1940) demonstrated that the corpus callosum is the major route for generalization of experimentally induced focal cortical epilepsy. During the succeeding 45 years a handful of clinicians has pursued these leads to confirm the therapeutic value of callosotomy for some types of medically intractable generalized epilepsy. Parallel experimental studies with a number of epilepsy models have indicated that the corpus callosum is indeed the major route for seizure generalization, that the brainstem is a secondary and more resistant pathway for seizure generalization, and that most if not all epileptic seizures originate from the cerbral cortex. The unexpected clinical finding that even partial (focal) seizure incidence is modified by callosotomy now has been demonstrated in the laboratory. The various contributors to the clinical and experimental epilepsy sections of this volume have been seminal in these elucidations, as will be evident from their chapters. The section on the development, anatomy, and physiology of the corpus callosum demonstrates that these basic areas of study have not been neglected.

'La curiosità uccise il gatto' recita un vecchio proverbio inglese. Ma quasi nessuno ricorda la seconda parte: 'e la soddisfazione di averci provato lo riportò in vita.' Perché è proprio grazie a questa dote che si coltiva il pensiero laterale (come Lee Miller, che applicò la sua esperienza nella moda e nel design ai reportage di guerra), si rompe con la tradizione (come i Beatles, che resero la sperimentazione un atto di libertà), si sviluppano nuove idee e capolavori che diventeranno fondativi (come Il Signore degli Anelli). Il formatore e divulgatore Giulio Xhaët studia per la prima volta in modo sistematico e interdisciplinare questa pulsione: che cos'è, da dove nasce, come si manifesta, perché ci è utile e soprattutto come nutrirla in età adulta (quando più ne avremmo bisogno). Pagina dopo pagina, si addentra nei quattro territori della curiosità - esploratrice, guaritrice, indagatrice e imprenditrice -, ci fa scoprire quale tipologia ci appartiene di più (grazie a un semplice CuriosiTest) e come farla nostra affinché diventi un personal trainer per la mente, le emozioni e la crescita personale e professionale. Intrecciando psicologia sociale e neuroscienze, interviste e storie di curiosi d'eccellenza, il libro ci guida nella comprensione profonda di questa attitudine così squisitamente umana, che può aiutarci in qualsiasi periodo della vita - perché, come ricorda l'autore, è la curiosità che ci tiene vivi, ci salva dal cinismo e ci riconsegna alla meraviglia.

Nominierung zum Wissensbuch des Jahres 2026Warum fühlt sich im Sommer eine Metallplatte viel heißer an als eine Holzplatte - auch wenn beide dieselbe Temperatur haben? Warum nehmen Fledermäuse Töne wahr, wo für uns alles still ist? Und ist das Rot, das ich sehe, dasselbe Rot, wie du es siehst?In unserem Kopf ist die Welt bunt, warm, laut oder wohlgeordnet - aber ist sie das auch wirklich? Bestsellerautor Florian Aigner entführt uns in seinem neuen Buch auf eine verblüffende, unterhaltsame Entdeckungsreise durch die Physik der Sinneseindrücke. Er zeigt, dass unsere Wahrnehmung auf ganz konkreten physikalischen Prozessen beruht - und warum das trotzdem nicht bedeutet, dass wir die Dinge so sehen, hören, riechen, schmecken oder fühlen, wie sie wirklich sind.Tatsächlich sind wir es selbst, die die Welt in unserem Kopf erzeugen! Ob Farbe, Klang, Temperatur oder Geschmack: Alle diese Sinneseindrücke beruhen auf Physik, aber wie wir sie ordnen, verstehen und erleben, das geschieht in unserem Gehirn.Und mehr noch: Der Mensch ist die einzige Spezies, die gelernt hat, ihre Sinne gezielt zu erweitern - durch Technik, durch Wissenschaft, durch Neugier. So ist eine neue Art von Evolution entstanden: eine kulturelle, selbstgesteuerte Erweiterung unseres Bewusstseins.Dieses Buch verknüpft anschauliche Physik mit überraschenden Anekdoten aus Biologie, Technik und Kultur und stellt dabei die große Frage: Was ist Wirklichkeit - und wie entsteht sie in unserem Kopf?Gefördert von der Stadt Wien Kultur

A twinge of sadness, a rush of love, a knot of loss, a whiff of regret. Memories have the power to move us, often when we least expect it, a sign of the complex neural process that continues in the background of our everyday lives. This process shapes us: filtering the world around us, informing our behavior and feeding our imagination.Psychiatrist Veronica O'Keane has spent many years observing how memory and experience are interwoven. In this rich, fascinating exploration, she asks, among other things: Why can memories feel so real? How are our sensations and perceptions connected with them? Why is place so important in memory? Are there such things as "true" and "false" memories? And, above all, what happens when the process of memory is disrupted by mental illness? O'Keane uses the broken memories of psychosis to illuminate the integrated human brain, offering a new way of thinking about our own personal experiences.Drawing on poignant accounts that include her own experiences, as well as what we can learn from insights in literature and fairytales and the latest neuroscientific research, O'Keane reframes our understanding of the extraordinary puzzle that is the human brain and how it changes during its growth from birth to adolescence and old age. By elucidating this process, she exposes the way that the formation of memory in the brain is vital to the creation of our sense of self.

The mysteries of the brain’s own cannabinoid system exposed and explained.<BR><BR>Though cannabis has been used, for pain or pleasure, for over 4000 years, only lately have we learned, first, what makes it work and, more recently, how. Unraveling the mystery of the human brain’s special relationship with a psychoactive chemical derived from a plant—tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, specifically—neuroscientist Linda Parker recounts the discovery of the brain’s own THC, called endocannabinoids, and describes the remarkable brain chemical system this discovery revealed.<BR><BR>In expert yet accessible terms, Cannabinoids explains what we know about this system, how it functions, and how it interacts with the plant materials in cannabis. Parker explores the role of the endocannabinoid system in regulating emotion, anxiety, depression, psychosis, learning, memory, feeding, nausea, pain, epilepsy, and neurological disorders—as well as, naturally, the brain’s reward system. Examining the link between anecdotal reports and the current scientific literature, the book offers a balanced presentation of the scientific evidence for the medicinal use of marijuana, providing a timely intervention in ongoing debates about cannabis’s medicinal value and its legal status.

Understanding how consumers truly perceive products is at the heart of sensory and consumer science. While traditional surveys rely on limited, predefined response options, open-ended questions invite participants to describe their sensory experiences in their own words, offering richer and more nuanced insights into individual perceptions and preferences. Building on this shift toward more expressive forms of data researchers now have access to vast, unstructured text data—from online reviews to social media posts—offering unprecedented opportunities to explore consumer opinions and sentiments. Thanks to advancements in natural language processing, the use of text data is also rapidly gaining traction. Collection and Analysis of Text Data in Sensory and Consumer Science provides a comprehensive overview of modern text-based research methods. From experimental approaches to data collection, to the reuse of large-scale online corpora, and their analysis through methods such as multiple-response correspondence analysis, sentiment analysis, co-occurrence networks, and netnography, this volume explores a broad array of tools and methodologies. It also adopts the multidisciplinary perspective the subject requires, drawing from neuroscience, psychology, and knowledge engineering to deepen our understanding of language, perception, and text data structuring. For researchers aiming to enrich their understanding of consumer perception, Collection and Analysis of Text Data in Sensory and Consumer Science will prove a novel and invaluable guide.

Human olfaction - the sense of smell - enables us to appreciate food and drink, it warns us of dangers and it makes our environments more enjoyable. However, olfaction is one of our least explored sensory systems. Until now.Smells and scents are the colour that enrich our experience of life. Ask anyone to reflect on their sense of smell, and they immediately start talking. First there are discussions about food and wine, but pretty quickly they move on to personal topics: about the smells that evoke memories of childhood, dead relatives, pregnancy, love and sex. When people talk about their sense of smell, they also tell us something about themselves, their feelings, thoughts and relationships. Thus, the sense of smell not only reflects the chemical world outside us, but also bears witness to our inner world, our feelings and thoughts.The Forgotten Sense explores the unknown mind and how it shapes people: Why can smells evoke such strong memories? How much can body odors control who you fall in love with? How sensitive is the human sense of smell? In many ways these questions are on the very forefront of our understanding, but Dr Jonas Olofsson has spent years studying the least understood of our senses. And he has discovered that it is actually possible to improve and refine one's sense of smell, to develop it into a more useful tool to bring a powerful immediacy to your life.