Fifty Formulas that Changed the World

"There are grounds for cautious optimism that we may now be near the end of the search for the ultimate laws of nature." Stephen Hawking "Nature uses only her longest threads to wave her patterns, so each small piece of her fabric reveals the organization of the entire tapestry."Richard Feynman The major Unsolved problem in Physics Our two foundational descriptions of nature, quantum mechanics and general relativity, are incompatible with each other.When this conflict is resolved, a different view of reality may emerge that unifies matter, space, and time. Cosmological observations are providing additional clues that our understanding of reality is in need of drastic modification. Only 4% of the Universe energy content is known23% is in the form of some unknown dark matter73% is in the form of an unknown dark energy that is accelerating the expansion of the universe The fundamental questions every physicist must answer: 1)What is the dark matter?2)What is the nature of the dark energy?3)How did the universe begin?4)Did Einstein have the last word on gravity?5)What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the Universe?6)Are protons unstable?7)Are there new states of matter at exceedingly high density and temperature?8)Are there additional space time dimensions?9)How were the elements from iron to uranium made?10)Is a new theory of matter and light needed at the highest energies?In pursuing our quest to solve the above given fundamental questions in physics this book will:1)Fulfill the innate Human desire to understand our place in the universe2)Build the foundations for tomorrow's breakthrough technologies3)Unite Quantum mechanics with General relativity into a Quantum theory of gravity.

What exactly is physical reality? In elegant and accessible prose, theoretical physicist Balungi Francis leads us on a wondrous journey from space-time singularities to Quantum Black Holes without information loss, from the Bekenstein-Hawking Area entropy law to his famous Volume entropy law of Black holes, from Modified Newtonian Dynamics, Dark Matter to Planck mass particles, from White Dwarfs to Black Holes and from General Relativity to his own work in Quantum Gravity. As he shows us how the idea of reality has evolved over time, Balungi offers deeper explanations of the theories he introduced so concisely in Quantum Gravity in a Nutshell1. Balungi invites us to imagine a marvelous world where space breaks up into tiny grains, singularities disappears, information loss in BHs resolved, time disappears at the smallest scales, and black holes are waiting to explode. This wonderful and exciting book is optimal for physics graduate students and researchers. The physical explanations are exceedingly well written and integrated with formulas. Quantum Gravity is the next big thing and this book will help the reader understand and use the theory.

The demand for consistency between a quantum description of matter and a geometric description of spacetime, as well as the appearance of singularities (where curvature length scales become microscopic), indicate the need for a full theory of quantum gravity. For example; for a full description of the interior of black holes, and of the very early universe, a theory is required in which gravity and the associated geometry of space-time are described in the language of quantum physics. Despite major efforts, no complete and consistent theory of quantum gravity is currently known, even though a number of promising candidates exist. There is a need for a book on a Quantum Theory of Gravity that is not directed at specialists but, rather, sets out the concepts underlying this subject for a broader scientific audience and conveys joy in their beauty. The author has written with this goal in mind, and has succeeded admirably. This wonderful and exciting book is optimal for physics graduate students and researchers. The physical explanations are exceedingly well written and integrated with formulas. Quantum Gravity is the next big thing and this book will help the reader understand and use the theory.