Physik

Obwohl Menschen auf keinen Fall zu den gefährdeten Tierarten auf diesem Planeten gehören, treibt Menschen offensichtlich die Sorge und die Befürchtung um, dass die Menschheit nicht überleben und damit die Tierart Homo sapiens für immer ausgelöscht werden könnte. Das scheint ein Widerspruch zu sein.In diesem Buch zeigt der Autor, dass dieser offensichtliche Widerspruch keiner ist. Der Autor zeigt, dass die Befürchtung von Menschen, die Menschheit könnte auf welche Art und Weise auch immer ausgelöscht werden, ohne Zweifel begründet ist und es sich bei dieser Befürchtung damit nicht nur um die unbegründete Einbildung einer Spezies handelt, die scheinbar mit ihrer eigenen Existenz permanent mehr oder weniger so überfordert ist, dass sie deshalb ständig ihren eigenen Untergang herbeifantasiert. Ist aber diese Befürchtung von Menschen, dass die Menschheit durch welche Ereignisse auch immer ausgelöscht werden könnte, tatsächlich begründet, dann stellt sich sofort eine Frage, deren Beantwortung sozusagen der Sinn und Zweck dieses Buches ist: Was wären die Voraussetzungen, die erfüllt sein müssten, damit unter allen möglichen Umständen und für jeden erdenklichen Fall diese Auslöschung der gesamten Menschheit verhindert bzw. vermieden werden könnte und es damit kein Ende der Menschheit geben würde? (lib)

The following basic physics topics are presented in this book:crisis of classical physicsquantum mechanics and wave mechanicssolid state physics and semiconductor physicsquantum field theoryquantum electrodynamics and open questions (lib)

This textbook gradually introduces the reader to several topics related to black hole physics with a didactic approach. It starts with the most basic black hole solution, the Schwarzschild metric, and discusses the basic classical properties of black hole solutions as seen by different probes. Then it reviews various theorems about black hole properties as solutions to Einstein gravity coupled to matter fields, conserved charges associated with black holes, and laws of black hole thermodynamics. Next, it elucidates semiclassical and quantum aspects of black holes, which are relevant in ongoing and future research. The book is enriched with many exercises and solutions to assist in the learning.The textbook is designed for physics graduate students who want to start their research career in the field of black holes; postdocs who recently changed their research focus towards black holes and want to get up-to-date on recent and current research topics; advanced researchers intending to teach (or learn) basic and advanced aspects of black hole physics and the associated mathematical tools. Besides general relativity, the reader needs to be familiar with standard undergraduate physics, like thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics. Moreover, familiarity with basic quantum field theory in Minkowski space is assumed. The book covers the rest of the needed background material in the main text or the appendices. (lib)

Interfacial phenomena play a crucial role in various industrial processes and daily operations. These phenomena are related to the formation of emulsions and foams, adsorption on solid and fluid interfaces, wettability alteration, and others that strongly impact the quality and cost of products and processes. Understanding the interfacial phenomena encompasses inexorably the description of surface thermodynamics and the assessment of thermodynamic properties. The book Fundamentals of Surface Thermodynamics introduces the basics of the thermodynamics of interface from a perspective of chemical engineering thermodynamics and surface chemistry. It provides insights into real-life phenomena, emphasizing the practical significance of abstract properties routinely dealt with by scientists and engineers. The book is tailored for both graduate and undergraduate courses in chemistry and engineering schools. The book content is particularly beneficial for industry professionals involved in oil & gas, fluid transportation, nanotechnology, and other operations with multiphase complex systems, where the process effectiveness is affected by interfacial phenomena.The Fundamentals of Surface Thermodynamics brings a comprehensive description of colloidal science, ranging from conventional surfactant applications to responsive systems and nanomaterials applied to life science. The author invites the reader on a journey into the fascinating world where small-dimension entities breathe. The book aims to inspire students and professionals to delve deep into the intricacies of interface thermodynamics, thereby contributing to supporting education activities and enabling industrial solutions. (lib)

Written in an accessible style, this unique book aims at describing the Nobel prize winning works in astronomy to readers who only have a background of high school physics. It gives a glimpse of the work done by those prize-winning astronomers at the forefront of research and the state-of-the-art techniques used for that, to an interested reader. There have been 11 years when Nobel prizes in physics have been given to astronomers. These award-winning works cover almost the entire subject of astronomy, starting from stellar structure all the way to cosmology. The prizes have been divided in 7 categories which are described in 7 chapters. For each prize a brief biography of the winner(s) is given first. The subject of the award is put into context and the reader is reminded of all the basic concepts needed for understanding the work before, finally, the prize-winning work is described.This enjoyable book will give the interested reader an excellent overview of the highlights and development of astronomy of the 20th and early 21st century. (lib)

Die mathematischen Sätze gelernt? Die Formeln auch? Nun fehlt noch das Wichtigste: die Anwendung des Gelernten auf Probleme, die über ein einfaches Beispiel hinausgehen. Die mathematischen Werkzeuge, die man sich in jedem naturwissenschaftlichen Studium aneignet, lernt man schließlich erst bei der Bearbeitung von Problemen wirklich kennen. Jedoch kann das Lernen oft frustrierend werden, wenn man die Lösung nicht findet, die Lektüre diese als trivial abtut oder nur schlicht durch eine nackte Zahl ohne erläuternden Kommentar angibt.Das vorliegende Lehrbuch macht die Lesenden mit zentralen mathematischen Werkzeugen für den Physiker vertraut. Dabei werden wichtige Standardaufgaben sowie physikalische Problemstellungen ausführlich gelöst und parallel dazu die Lösungswege diskutiert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt insbesondere auf der Verknüpfung der verschiedenen Aufgaben, und zwar unabhängig vom Schwierigkeitsgrad, so dass das Lösen immer komplexerer Aufgaben schrittweise erleichtert wird. Infolgedessen sind die Lösungen keine bloße Ergänzung, sondern ein zentraler Bestandteil dieses Lehrbuchs. (lib)

This book presents detailed aspects of different fields of molecular spectroscopy. It consists of eleven chapters starting from the Born¿Oppenheimer approximation and its relevance to various spectra to some topics on nonlinear spectroscopy through rotational, vibrational, Raman, and electronic spectroscopy, group theoretical application, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, nuclear quadrupole resonance, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The intention is to present a good background of the theoretical aspects of the concerned fields which will help the readers to understand the subject firmly and apply them to their own fields according to their needs. For this purpose, several problems have been worked out to make the readers understand how the theories are applied in the relevant practical cases. In this book, it is presumed that the readers are well acquainted with the fundamentals of the basic subjects of physics, for example, mathematical methods, classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and electrodynamics. The purpose of writing is not only to bring a wider field in a single book but also to develop the theories starting from the fundamentals and also from the simple to the final forms through fairly elaborate powerful techniques so that the readers become self-sufficient and apply them accordingly. Since this book covers most of the major fields of molecular spectroscopy, it reduces the work of searching several publications and serves the purpose of getting detailed deductive pictures of various aspects of the subject in a single publication. (lib)

This book has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies and hence the text is clear and readable. (lib)

Seen from ¿inside the IAU,¿ this book tells the in-depth story of a major crisis in which China ¿divorced¿ from the International Astronomical Union in 1960 as a protest against the admission of Taiwan. This happened to all the scientific unions at the same time, and to the Olympic Games, which, unexpectedly, would serve as a laboratory for the ¿reconciliation¿ which took place following the re-opening of China to the world 20 years later. The so-called ¿China conflict¿ is the most important crisis in the post-WWII history of the IAU. Yet, many details about this conflict and its links to broader geopolitical events have long remained unsettled, obscure, or altogether absent. In particular, the book describes for the first time the ¿separation¿ period, which covered the Cultural Revolution, and in which the IAU made desperate official efforts to reach out to China, while some groups of Western and Chinese astronomers managed to keep contact at times. On the occasion of the IAU Centenary celebrations in 2019, the book revisits this painful succession of events using unpublished documents from the IAU Archives and the International Council of Scientific Unions. The book also contains supplementary typescripts of selected handwritten correspondences and the full translation of key original Chinese documents unknown to readers outside China. What emerges is a complex and fascinating story of human relations and science diplomacy under the shadow of the Cold War. Readers will learn how the 20-year ¿China conflict¿ as lived by astronomers and scientists is important not only for the history of the IAU, but also for the history of contemporary China. ¿This book is full of so many original documents of the IAU office, very reliable and good to open to the public readers.¿ Shuhua Ye, Shanghai Observatory (IAU Vice-President, 1988-1994) This book is a companion book to "Astronomers as Diplomats," published at the same time in the same series.

The 4th edition of this highly-regarded text provides an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to modern particle physics. (lib)

This book covers classical and modern aerodynamics, theories and related numerical methods, for senior and first-year graduate engineering students, including:-The classical potential (incompressible) flow theories for low speed aerodynamics of thin airfoils and high and low aspect ratio wings.- The linearized theories for compressible subsonic and supersonic aerodynamics.- The nonlinear transonic small disturbance potential flow theory, including supercritical wing sections, the extended transonic area rule with lift effect, transonic lifting line and swept or oblique wings to minimize wave drag. Unsteady flow is also briefly discussed. Numerical simulations based on relaxation mixed-finite difference methods are presented and explained.- Boundary layer theory for all Mach number regimes and viscous/inviscid interaction procedures used in practical aerodynamics calculations.There are also four chapters covering special topics, including wind turbines and propellers, airplane design, flow analogies and hypersonic (rotational) flows.A unique feature of the book is its ten self-tests and their solutions as well as an appendix on special techniques of functions of complex variables, method of characteristics and conservation laws and shock waves. The book is the culmination of two courses taught every year by the two authors for the last two decades to seniors and first-year graduate students of aerospace engineering at UC Davis. (lib)

Dieses erfolgreiche Praktikumsbuch bewährt sich seit vielen Jahren bei Studierenden der Physik sowie anderer naturwissenschaftlicher Studiengänge und des Lehramts, die ein physikalisches Grundpraktikum absolvieren. Vielfach genutzt wird es auch von Studierenden der Ingenieurwissenschaften an Technischen Universitäten und Fachhochschulen. Der Inhalt- Mechanik- Wärmelehre- Elektrizitätslehre- Optik und Atomphysik- Fourier-Transformation und SignalanalyseDie ZielgruppeStudierende der Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften im Grundstudium an Universitäten und FachhochschulenLehramtstudierende naturwissenschaftlicher FächerDie HerausgeberDr. Wolfgang Schenk, Universität LeipzigProf. Dr. Friedrich Kremer, Universität Leipzig

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Mathematics is playing an ever more important role in the physical and biological sciences, provoking a blurring of boundaries between scientific disciplines and a resurgence of interest in the modern as weil as the clas­ sical techniques of applied mathematics. This renewal of interest, bothin research and teaching, has led to the establishment of the series: Texts in Applied Mathematics (TAM). The development of new courses is a natural consequence of a high Ievel of excitement on the research frontier as newer techniques, such as numerical and symbolic computer systems, dynamical systems, and chaos, mix with and reinforce the traditional methods of applied mathematics. Thus, the purpose of this textbook series is to meet the current and future needs of these advances and encourage the teaching of new courses. TAM will publish textbooks suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses, and will complement the Applied Mathematical Seiences (AMS) series, whichwill focus on advanced textbooks and research Ievel monographs. Preface This book is based on a one-term coursein fluid mechanics originally taught in the Department of Mathematics of the U niversity of California, Berkeley, during the spring of 1978. The goal of the course was not to provide an exhaustive account of fluid mechanics, nor to assess the engineering value of various approximation procedures. (lib)

Presenting the latest advances in artificial structures, this volume discusses in-depth the structure and electron transport mechanisms of quantum wells, superlattices, quantum wires, and quantum dots. It will serve as an invaluable reference and review for researchers and graduate students in solid-state physics, materials science, and electrical and electronic engineering. (lib)

Weitere Informationen zum Bergmann/Schaefer finden Sie hier. (lib)

This book discusses topics related to Newtonian mechanics and is ideal for a one semester course. Introductory topics are first presented including: time, space, and matter; different coordinate systems; vectors; and unit vectors;. The author presents tools such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration to describe projectile motion and uniform circular motion. Newton¿s laws of motion and concepts of force and mass are discussed followed by kinetic energy, potential energy, and both conservative and non-conservative forces. This class-tested book also introduces angular displacement, angular speed, and angular acceleration as well as the use of these to describe the motion of particles with constant angular acceleration. Concepts of torque, angular momentum, and rotational inertia are presented to explain the motion of physical pendulum. Motion under central force is also covered and Kepler¿s laws are derived. (lib)

This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of detector technology for gamma-ray imaging, especially as it pertains to new applications. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in medical imaging and industrial testing. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the gamma-ray signal into analog/digital value will be covered in some chapters. Some would also provide a review of CMOS chips for gamma-ray image sensors. (lib)

The revised edition gives a comprehensive mathematical and physical presentation of fluid flows in non-classical models of convection - relevant in nature as well as in industry. After the concise coverage of fluid dynamics and heat transfer theory it discusses recent research. The authors provide the theoretical foundation on a topic relevant from metallurgy, ecology to chemistry, crystal physics and many other fields. (lib)

The reference provides interdisciplinary discussion for diverse II-VI semiconductors with a wide range of topics. The third volume of a three volume set, the book provides an up-to-date account of the present status of multifunctional II-VI semiconductors, from fundamental science and processing to their applications as various sensors, biosensors, and radiation detectors, and based on them to formulate new goals for the further research. The chapters in this volume provide a comprehensive overview of the manufacture, parameters and principles of operation of these devices. The application of these devices in various fields such medicine, agriculture, food quality control, environment monitoring and others is also considered. The analysis carried out shows the great potential of II-VI semiconductor-based sensors and detectors for these applications.Considers solid-state radiation detectors based on semiconductors of II-VI group and their applications;Analyzes the advantages of II-VI compounds to develop chemical and optical gas and ion sensors; Describes all types of biosensors based on II-VI semiconductors and gives examples of their use in various fields. (lib)

Sometimes it's just a little glance that gets you interested. You want to learn more. What is this person like, what makes them tick, what kind of character is hidden behind their interesting appearance, and above all: how can they be reached, how do you find access to them?Astrology offers wonderful opportunities to learn intimate things about a person if you know their dates of birth. A seemingly non-binding question such as »Where were you actually born, on which day, and do you actually know the time of your birth?«That's all! More is not necessary to start an astrological analysis. (lib)